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Understanding Friction Drag in Aerodynamics

The document discusses the concepts of lift and drag in fluid dynamics, detailing the types of drag such as friction and pressure drag, and their dependence on factors like shape and surface roughness. It explains how a body in a moving fluid experiences resultant forces termed lift and drag, and highlights the challenges in calculating these forces due to complex stress distributions. Additionally, it introduces the use of dimensionless lift and drag coefficients for simplified analysis or experimentation.

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Abdel-hameed Rabieaa Khattab
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© All Rights Reserved
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3 views11 pages

Understanding Friction Drag in Aerodynamics

The document discusses the concepts of lift and drag in fluid dynamics, detailing the types of drag such as friction and pressure drag, and their dependence on factors like shape and surface roughness. It explains how a body in a moving fluid experiences resultant forces termed lift and drag, and highlights the challenges in calculating these forces due to complex stress distributions. Additionally, it introduces the use of dimensionless lift and drag coefficients for simplified analysis or experimentation.

Uploaded by

Abdel-hameed Rabieaa Khattab
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LIFT AND DRAG 2

• Lift and Drag


– Lift and drag concepts
– Drag
o Friction drag
o Pressure drag
o Effect of shape
o Effect of surface roughness
o Effect of turbulence
o Drag on common geometries
o Vehicle aerodynamics
LIFT &
DRAG
CONCEPT
S
3
THE FEATHER AND THE 4

BOWLING BALL
EXPERIMENT
CONCEPTS 5

• A body immersed in a moving fluid experiences a resultant


force due to the interaction between the body and the fluid
surrounding it.
SOLID-FLUID 6

INTERACTION

Viscous
shear
Interacti stress
on Pressur
e normal
stress
LIFT AND DRAG 7

upstream velocity is termed the drag, 𝒟.


• The resultant force in the direction of the

• The resultant force normal to the upstream


velocity is termed the lift, ℒ.
LIFT AND DRAG 8

CALCULATION
PRESSURE AND SHEAR 9

STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS

• It is seen that both the shear stress and


pressure force contribute to the lift and drag.
• The shape of the body and the distributions
of and are needed to carry out the
integrations and determine the lift and drag
• These distributions are often extremely difficult
to obtain, either experimentally or theoretically.
LIFT AND DRAG 1
0
COEFFICIENTS
• The alternative is to define
dimensionless lift and drag
coefficients and determine
their approximate values by
means of either a simplified
analysis, some numerical
technique, or an appropriate
experiment.

• Typically, is taken to be
frontal area.
• In other situations, is taken to
be the planform area.
FRICTION & PRESSURE 1
2
DRAG
• The part of drag that is due directly to wall
shear stress is called the skin friction drag (or
friction drag).
• The part of drag that is due directly to pressure
is called the pressure drag (or form drag
because of its strong dependence on the form or
shape of the body).

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