Department of Information Technology.

Course Code : BCC 302 Course Name: PYTHON PROGRAMMING

Course Outcomes :

Program Name: Python Programming Program Code: BCC

 Department of Information Technology.
Course Code : BCC 302 Course Name: PYTHON PROGRAMMING

• Syllabus

Program Name: Python Programming Program Code:

 Department of Information Technology.
Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Features of Python:
• Easy to Learn
• Easy to Read and Maintain
• Interactive (shell mode)
• Object Oriented
• Interpreted
• Platform Independence / Cross-platform Compatibility
• Open Source
• Scalable
Program Name: Python Programming Program Code: BCC302
 Department of Information Technology.
Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Comparison with other Languages:

Faster

Program Name: Python Programming Program Code: BCC302

 Department of Information Technology.
Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Shell Mode vs Script Mode:

1. Shell Mode:
• Interactive
• Immediate Response
• Temporary Code
• Useful for Testing small code snippet

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Shell Mode vs Script Mode (cont…):

2. Script Mode:
• Writing complete code
• Useful for Repetitive Tasks and Large Files
• Non Interactive
• Persistent
• Batch Execution

Program Name: Python Programming Program Code: BCC302

 Department of Information Technology.
Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

IDE
IDE is short for Interactive Development Environment.
• Code Editor: A text editor with features like syntax highlighting,
auto-completion, and code formatting to write and edit code
efficiently.
• Debugger: Tools for debugging code, allowing you to set
breakpoints, step through code, inspect variables, and analyze the
execution flow.
• Compiler/Interpreter Integration: Built-in support for compiling or
interpreting code, often with one-click build and run capabilities.
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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

IDE (cont…)
IDE is short for Interactive Development Environment.
• Project Management: Features for organizing and managing
project files, directories, and dependencies.
• Plugins and Extensions: Support for adding additional
functionality through plugins or extensions, customizing the
IDE to fit specific needs or preferences. E.g. Prettier, Live
Server, Code Runner, Bracket Pair Colorizer

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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Review Questions
• Which version of Python is currently up to date?
– Python1
– Python2
– Python4
– Python3
• Which of the following is not a characteristic of Python?
– Object Oriented
– Interpreted
– Requires manual memory management
– Platform Independence

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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Review Questions
• In a Python context, the acronym IDE stands for:
– Integrated Development Environment
– Interpretive Dance Lessons
– Interstellar Dust Laser Explorer
– None of the above

• When you see >>> , it means that:

– An error has occurred
– Your computer is having an existential crisis
– Python is waiting for you to give it some instructions
– Python is upset
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Review Questions

• Which mode is best suited for running quick or experimenting

with code snippets?
– Script Mode
– Shell Mode
– Batch Mode
– Development Mode

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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Session Plan

1.3 Basics of Python

1.3.1 Python keywords
1.3.2 Python Statement and Comments
1.3.3 Python Literals
1.3.4 Data Types
1.3.5 Variables
1.3.6 type (), dir (),ID command

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Python Identifiers
Names used to identify various elements in code such as variables, functions,
classes, modules, and other objects.
These elements are:
– Variables
– Functions
– Lists
– Tuples
– Dictionary
– Class
– Object

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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Python Identifiers
Rules for identifier name –
 It can be a combination of A-Z, a-z, 0-9, or underscore.
 It can’t start with digit.
 It should start with an alphabet character or an underscore ( _ ).
 It should not contain special characters except underscore.
 It should not contain white space.
 It cannot be a reserved python keyword.

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Python keywords
Python keywords are special reserved words that have specific meanings and
purposes.

These reserve words cannot be used as a –

 function name
 variable name
 identifiers

E.g. True, def, if, else, for, import, try

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Contd..
The list of such keywords is mentioned below –
True False class def except
if elif else try is
raise finally for in lambda
not from import global continue
nonlocal pass while break del
and with as yield async
or assert None return await

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Python Statement and Comments

Python Statement –
In Python Programming, any executable instruction, that tell the computer to
perform a specification action is refer to as statements.
Program statement can be an
input-output statements,
arithmetic statements,
control statements,
simple assignment statements
and any other statements (import, def, return)
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Python Statement and Comments

Python Comments –
In Python Programming, comments are used to annotate the code
with explanations or notes that are not executed by the Python
interpreter.

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Data Types in Python

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Numeric Literals
Numeric literals are of multiple types based on the number type. The types of
numeric literals are integer, float (decimal numbers), and complex numbers.

Integer Literals - They can be either positive or negative.

12, 23000000, -45, 0 , -23987
Example –

Float Literals - These are basically real numbers that consist of both integer as well
as fractional parts.
-12.45, 12.90, 100.0
Example -

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Numeric Literals

Complex Number Literals - The numerals will be in the form of a + bj, where ‘a‘ is
the real part and ‘b‘ is the complex part.

Python allows us to specify complex numbers like any other variable.

Example -
10j , 1 + 0j , 10 + 2j, 12 – 5j

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String literals
When set of character are enclosed in quotes ( single quotes or double quotes) then it formed
a string literals. 'glbitm' 'rate_of_interest' '123', '12.5'
Example -
“GLBITM" "Simple_interest" "A1" "456 "

In Python we can also create multi-line literals by using triple quotes.

Example -

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Boolean Literals, Special literals

Boolean Literals - True or False are the values to be used as the Boolean values.

Example -
True, False

In Python, True represents the Non-zero value and False represents the value as
Zero.

Special literals - Python has a special literal named None.

Note - None is used to signify the NULL value.

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Lists and Tuples

List: List is a set of values of different types. The values are separated by comma (,)
and enclosed within square brackets( [ ]).

[ 1, 23, 23.4, 100]

Example –
[ 'Blue', 'red', 123, 23.5 ]

Tuple: A tuple is a set of values of different types. The values are separated by
comma(,) and enclosed within parentheses “ ( ) “. It is immutable.
Example -
( 1, 23, 23.4, 100 )

( 'Blue', 'red', 123, 23.5 )

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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Dictionary and Set

Dictionary: It is in form of key-value pair. It is enclosed by curly-braces “{ }” and
each key-value pair is separated by commas (,) .

Example –
{ 'name':'BOB', 'age':24, 'marks':59.4 }

Set literals: Set is a collection of values of different types. The values are separated
by comma (,) and enclosed within curly-braces “{ }”. It is unordered and contains
only unique value.
{ 1, 23, 45, 56, 67 }
Example -
{ 'Ram', 'Rajesh', 12, 34.5 }
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Variables
Variable are the names given by the users to the memory locations to store the
data values.
In Python, variable need not to be declared or defined in advances, as we do in
many other programming language.

To create a variable, we just assign it a value and start using it.

a = 23
Example –
name = 'Ram'
Here ‘a’, ‘name’ and ‘Marks’ are variable which
refer an integer value 23, a string ‘Ram’ and float
Value 23.5.
Marks = 23.5
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Variables
Valid Variable Names:
• Name
• Num1
• Rate_of_interest
• abc
• Marks1

Invalid Variable Names:

• for
• 123b
• rate of interest
• marks-math
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Can you answer these questions?

1. Select all Valid variable names -

1) age

2) _age

3) -age

4) age_*

5) Item-Number-1 28
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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

• Is Python case sensitive when dealing with identifiers?

 yes
 no
 machine dependent
 None of the above

• What is the maximum possible length of an identifier?

 31 character
 63 character
 79 character
 None of the above

•Which of the following is invalid?

 _a =1
 __a =1
 __str__ =1
 None of the above
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• Which of the following is an invalid variable?

a) my_string_1
b) 1st_string
c) foo
d) _
• Which of the following is an invalid statement?
a) abc = 1,000,000
b) a b c = 1000 2000 3000
c) a,b,c = 1000, 2000, 3000
d) a_b_c = 1,000,000
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type() command
type () command helps in finding the type of the specific declared variable or a
value.

Example –

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id() command
id () command gives the unique id for a given objects / variable / values.

Note - The unique id is the memory address and will be different each time when
you run for variable or values.

Example –

Unique Identity

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dir() command
dir () command is a vital function that returns all the properties and methods
associated with given objects.

Example –

Note – Detailed description will be

explain in OOPs

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Session Plan - Day 5

1.3 Basics of Python

1.3.7 Type conversion: implicit and explicit
1.3.8 Basic I/O Operations: input (), print ()

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Type conversion
The process of converting the value of one data type (e.g. integer, string, float, etc.)
to another data type is called type conversion.

Example -
12.5  12 ( float to integer )
'123'  123 ( string to integer )
12  12.0 ( integer to float )

Python has two types of type conversion –

 Implicit Type Conversion

 Explicit Type Conversion
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Type conversion: Implicit Type Conversion

Implicit Type Conversion – In this Python interpreter itself converts one type of
data to another data type as per the performed operation.

This type conversion happens automatically without any user intervention.

Example –

Note - Python promotes the conversion of the lower data type (integer) to the
higher data type (float) to avoid data loss.
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Type conversion: Explicit Type Conversion

Explicit Type Conversion – In this, user converts the data type of variable of value
to needed data type.

Example –

int()  for Integer

float() for Float
Note – There should be valid Numbers while converting any str()  for string
string to Numbers.
Complex  for complex
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Basic I/O Operations

In python, various built-in functions are present.

The two important standard input-output functions in python are:

 input() : to take the input from the user

 print() : to show the output on the console

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Basic I/O Operations : input()

Syntax –
input(prompt='')
Prompt - A String, representing a default message
before the input.

Example –

Note – It return value as a string. So you need to typecast it.

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Basic I/O Operations : input()

When we take input using input() function, it return value in string data type.

Example –

As we can see in the above example type of “a” is string

Note – We have to typecast input

value into desired type.

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Basic I/O Operations : print()

print () is a built-in standard function used to print the output to the console.

Syntax – print(value, ..., sep='', end='\n’)

 value – Can be of any literals, variable, expression, statements

 sep - (optional), Specify how to separate the values, if there is more than
one. Default is ' '.
 end - (optional), Specify what to print at the end. Default is '\n‘
Note – We can assign any set of character into sep.
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Basic I/O Operations : print()

Example –

In the above example value of a and b is separated by space i.e. default

Here separator is sep='--', so both value is

separated by '--‘ as shown in output.

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Basic I/O Operations : print()

Example – Write a Python program that takes two integer as input from
user and print sum of both.

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Session Plan - Day 6

1.3 Basics of Python
1.3.9 Operators
1.3.10 Precedence and associativity
1.3.11 Python 2 vs Python 3

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Operators
Operators are symbol, used to perform mathematical and logical
operation.

In python operators are categorized

into six categories -

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Arithmetic operators
There are seven arithmetic operators, and these are of:
Operator Meaning Example
Add two operands or x+y
+ unary plus +2
Subtract right operand from the left or x-y
- unary minus -2
* Multiply two operands x*y
Divide left operand by the right one (always results into
/ float) x/y
Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the
% right
x % y (remainder of x/y)
Floor division - division that results into whole number
// adjusted to the left in the number line x // y

** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right x**y (x to the power y)
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Arithmetic operators
Example of all mentioned arithmetic operators

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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Comparison (Relational) Operators

Operator Meaning Example

Greater than -> True if left operand is

> x>y
The comparison operators greater than the right
are used for comparisons. <
Less than -> True if left operand is less than
x<y
the right
== Equal to -> True if both operands are equal x == y
Comparison operators
Not equal to -> True if operands are not
compare two values and !=
equal
x != y
evaluate down to a single Greater than or equal to -> True if left
>= x >= y
Boolean value ( True / False operand is greater than or equal to the right

). Less than or equal to -> True if left operand

<= is less than or equal to the right x <= y

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Course Code: BCC 302 Course Name: Python Programming

Comparison (Relational) Operators

Example of all mentioned

comparison operators

It always gives answer either

True or False depending upon
relation.
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Comparison (Relational) Operators

Example –

Note - The == and != operators can actually work with values of any data
type. 50
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Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators act on the bits and performs bit by bit operation on the
operands.
Operator Meaning
Example – Evaluate 2 & 7 & Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
How it works - ~ Bitwise NOT
Step 1 – Convert 2 in binary  0010 ^ Bitwise XOR
Step 2 – Convert 7 in binary  0111
>> Bitwise right shift
Step 3 – Perform Bitwise & operation
Step 4 – Convert the result back to decimal << Bitwise left shift

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Bitwise Operators – Cont..

Truth Table

A B A&B A|B A^B

Bitwise NOT

0 0 0 0 0
A ~A
0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0
1 0 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

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Bitwise Operators – Bitwise AND (&)

Example –

Explanation –

Step 1 – Convert 9 in binary  1001 Step 4 – Convert the result (0001)

Step 2 – Convert 3 in binary  0011 back to decimal  1
Step 3 –
1001
0011
0001
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Bitwise Operators – Bitwise OR( | )

Example –

Explanation –

Step 1 – Convert 9 in binary  1001 Step 4 – Convert the result (1011)

Step 2 – Convert 3 in binary  0011 back to decimal  11
Step 3 –
1001
0011
1011
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Bitwise Operators – Bitwise XOR ( ^ )

Example –

Explanation –

Step 1 – Convert 9 in binary  1001 Step 4 – Convert the result (1010)

Step 2 – Convert 3 in binary  0011 back to decimal  10
Step 3 –
1001
0011
1010
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Bitwise Operators – Bitwise Left shift ( << )

Example –

Explanation –

Step 1 – Convert 9 in binary  1001 Step 3 – Convert the result (10010)

Step 2 – Shift 1001 towards left by one back to decimal  18
position and place Zero at end.
1001
10010

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Bitwise Operators – Bitwise Right Shift ( >> )

Example –

Explanation –

Step 1 – Convert 9 in binary  1001 Step 3 – Convert the result (100) back
Step 2 – Shift 1001 towards right by one to decimal  4
position.
1001
100
10 01
1 will discarded
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Assignment operators
Operator Example Equivalent to
= x=5 x=5

Assignment operators are used to += x += 5 x=x+5

-= x -= 5 x=x-5
assign the values to the variables.
*= x *= 5 x=x*5
/= x /= 5 x=x/5
a = 5 is a simple assignment operator
%= x %= 5 x=x%5
that assigns the value 5 on the right to
//= x //= 5 x = x // 5
the variable a on the left.
**= x **= 5 x = x ** 5
&= x &= 5 x=x&5
There are various compound operators
|= x |= 5 x=x|5
in Python like a += 5
^= x ^= 5 x=x^5
>>= x >>= 5 x = x >> 5
<<= x <<= 5 x = x << 5
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Logical Operators
Logical operators perform Logical AND, Logical OR and Logical NOT operations.
Operator Meaning Example
and True if both the operands are true x and y
or True if either of the operands is true x or y
not True if operand is false (complements the operand) not x

x y x and y x or y
Truth Table – x not x
T T T T
T F
T F F T F T
F T F T
F F F F
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Logical Operators
Example –

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Identity Operators
Identity Operators – is and is not are the identity operators in Python.

They are used to check if two values (or variables) are located on the same part of the
memory or not.
Operator Meaning
is Gives True if the operands are identical (refer to the same ID or Memory)
is not Gives True if the operands are not identical (do not refer to the ID or Memory)

Example

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Membership Operators
in and not in are the membership operators in Python.
They are used to test whether a value or variable is found in a sequence (string, list,
tuple, set and dictionary) or not.
Operator Meaning
in Gives True if value/variable is found in the sequence otherwise False
not in Gives True if value/variable is not found in the sequence otherwise True

Example

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Precedence and associativity

Operator precedence and associativity decide the priorities of the operator.
 Operator Precedence: This is used in an expression with more than one operator
with different precedence to figure out which operation to perform first.

 Operator Associativity: If an expression has two or more operators with the same
precedence, then Operator Associativity is used to find. It can either be Left to
Right or from Right to Left.

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Precedence and Associativity Table –

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