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Python Constructors and Inheritance Guide

This document covers Object Oriented Programming concepts in Python, focusing on constructors, destructors, and their roles in class and object creation. It explains the importance of constructors for initializing object attributes and discusses different types of constructors, including default and parameterized constructors. Additionally, it highlights best practices and common errors related to constructors and inheritance in Python.

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2 views18 pages

Python Constructors and Inheritance Guide

This document covers Object Oriented Programming concepts in Python, focusing on constructors, destructors, and their roles in class and object creation. It explains the importance of constructors for initializing object attributes and discusses different types of constructors, including default and parameterized constructors. Additionally, it highlights best practices and common errors related to constructors and inheritance in Python.

Uploaded by

shashisekar775
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Programming with Python

Unit III
[Link]
Assistant Professor
Department of B Com(CA)
PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore
SYLLABUS-UNIT III

Object Oriented Programming: Classes and Objects –


Constructors – Destructors Getter and Setter Methods –
Encapsulations – Inheritance – Polymorphism – Abstract
Classes and Interfaces.
Constructors in Python
Recap of Classes & Objects

• Class → Blueprint for creating objects

• Object → Instance of a class

• Objects often need initial values when created

• Problem: Manual initialization is repetitive

• Solution: Use Constructor method


What is a Constructor?

• A special method in Python classes

• Automatically invoked when object is created

• Purpose: Initialize object attributes

• Similar to constructors in C++/Java


Constructor Syntax

• def __init__(self, parameters):

• [Link] = parameters

• `__init__` is a reserved method name

• `self` refers to current instance

• Called automatically
Simple Constructor Example

• class Student:

• def __init__(self, name):


• [Link] = name
• s1 = Student('Anita')

• print([Link]) → Anita
Why Constructors Are Important

• Avoid repetitive initialization

• Ensure consistency of objects

• Improve readability and maintainability

• Guarantee valid state at creation


Types of Constructors

• Default Constructor – no arguments

• Parameterized Constructor – accepts arguments

• Constructor with Default Parameters


Default Constructor Example

• class Demo:

• def __init__(self):
• print('Default Constructor called')
• obj = Demo()
Parameterized Constructor Example
• class Employee:
• def __init__(self, name, salary):
• [Link] = name; [Link] = salary
• e1 = Employee('Rahul', 45000)

• print([Link], [Link])
Constructor with Default Parameters

• class Car:

• def __init__(self, model='Unknown'):


• [Link] = model
• c1 = Car(); c2 = Car('Toyota')

• print([Link], [Link]) → Unknown Toyota


Constructor in Inheritance

• Parent constructor runs unless overridden

• Child constructor overrides parent constructor

• Use super() to call parent constructor


Inheritance Example
• class Person:
• def __init__(self, name): [Link] = name
• class Student(Person):
• def __init__(self, name, roll):
• super().__init__(name); [Link] = roll
• s = Student('Arun', 101) → Arun 101
Destructor vs Constructor
• Constructor (__init__) → Initialization
• Destructor (__del__) → Cleanup resources

• Called automatically by Python's memory


management
Common Errors & Best Practices

• Forgetting self as parameter → Error

• Mismatched parameter count

• Overriding parent constructor incorrectly

• Always use super() in inheritance

• Initialize all required attributes


Summary

• Constructors are special methods (__init__)

• Used to initialize object attributes

• Types: Default, Parameterized, Default


Arguments
• Inheritance with super()

• Destructor complements constructor


ASSESSMENT-QUIZ
• [Link]

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