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Database Systems: SQL Overview and Evaluation

The document discusses database systems, highlighting their advantages over traditional file processing systems, such as reduced data redundancy and improved data integrity. It outlines the evaluation criteria for databases, types of files, and the benefits and drawbacks of using a Database Management System (DBMS). The content emphasizes the importance of centralized data management and the challenges associated with implementing database systems.

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2 views9 pages

Database Systems: SQL Overview and Evaluation

The document discusses database systems, highlighting their advantages over traditional file processing systems, such as reduced data redundancy and improved data integrity. It outlines the evaluation criteria for databases, types of files, and the benefits and drawbacks of using a Database Management System (DBMS). The content emphasizes the importance of centralized data management and the challenges associated with implementing database systems.

Uploaded by

a9071311
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CS203- Database Systems

Using SQL

by
Atia Anees

Rawalpindi Women University


Department of Computer Science
Outlines
• The Database
• Evaluation of Database
• Types of Files
• Traditional File
• Processing Systems
• Database Approach
• Advantages & Disadvantages,
The Database
• A database is a structured collection of electronic data, a significant
improvement over traditional file processing systems which suffered from
data redundancy, inconsistency, and poor sharing.
• The database approach addresses these issues by centralizing data, enabling
program-data independence, and facilitating data sharing and integrity via a
Database Management System (DBMS). However, this approach introduces
costs for hardware, software, training, and system conversion, and requires
robust backup and recovery procedures
• A database is an organized collection of data that can be easily accessed,
managed, and updated. It typically stores information about entities and their
relationships — for example, students, courses, and enrollments in a
university system.
Evaluation of Database
• Databases are evaluated based on several criteria:
• Data Integrity: Ensures accuracy and consistency.
• Security: Controls access to sensitive data.
• Scalability: Handles growing data volumes.
• Performance: Supports fast queries and transactions.
• Data Redundancy: Minimizes duplication.
• Concurrency: Allows multiple users to access data
simultaneously
Types of Files
• Master File: Stores permanent data (e.g., customer records).

• Transaction File: Records day-to-day operations (e.g., sales).

• Temporary File: Used for intermediate processing.

• Backup File: Stores copies for recovery.

• Archive File: Stores historical data for long-term use.


Traditional File Processing Systems
• Before databases, data was stored in flat files. Each application had its own
file format and logic to access data.
Limitations:
• Data redundancy and inconsistency

• Poor data security and sharing

• Difficult data access and isolation

• Tight coupling between data and application logic


Database Approach
• The database approach uses a centralized system (DBMS) to manage
data. It separates data storage from application logic and allows
multiple users to access shared data.
• Key Features:
• Metadata stored in a catalog
• Data independence (logical and physical)
• Structured data with defined relationships
• Query languages like SQL for flexible access
Advantages
Advantages of Database Approach
• Reduced data redundancy
• Improved data integrity and consistency
• Centralized control and security
• Easier data sharing and access
• Backup and recovery mechanisms
• Support for concurrent access and transaction
Disadvantages
Disadvantages of Database Approach
• Higher initial setup cost

• Complexity in design and management

• Requires skilled personnel

• Performance overhead for small applications

• Risk of centralized failure if not properly managed

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