INSTRUMENTS
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Introduction
• A wide variety of dental instruments
are used in operative dental procedures.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Classification
Instruments are classified in to:-
[Link]
2. Hand- instruments (cutting & non-cutting)
3. Rotary instruments
3. Restorative
4. Accessory
Examination Instruments.1
• Allow the operator to thoroughly examine the
health status of the oral cavity.
Consists of:
Mouth mirror
Probe, explorer
Cotton pliers (tweezers)
Periodontal probe
Articulating paper & holder
Examination Instruments.1
Mouth mirror helps in
– Indirect vision
– Light reflection
– Retraction
– Tissue protection
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Examination Instruments.1
Probes, explorers.
– Pointed instruments used for tactile
examination of tooth surfaces and
restorations to identify any irregularities.
– Helps to distinguish areas of calculus.
– Distinguish decay.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Examination Instruments.1
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Examination Instruments.1
Periodontal probes
Measure the sulcus or pocket depth of the
periodontium , you can use it to measure the
dimensions of cavity preparation.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Examination Instruments.1
Cotton tweezers:
Place and remove cotton rolls.
carry small items like cotton pellets & small
objects.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Examination Instruments.1
Articulating paper and holder
Carbon paper held in place by a holder used to
check a patient’s “bite.”
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Materials used in manufacture of Instruments
(1) Carbon steel
(2) Stainless steel
Teflon or titanium nitride coated stainless
steel (for composite material)
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Hand Instruments .2
• Allow the operator to manually remove decay,
as well as smooth, finish, and prepare tooth
structure to be restored back to its normal
function.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Hand Instruments .2
[Link]: The longest part the dentist holds the
instrument when using it.
Shank: joins the handle & working end.2
.be mono-angle , bi-angle or tri-angle
:Working end .3
.Portion of the instrument with a specific function
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Hand Instruments .2
3. Working end:
• A cutting instrument has a blade and a cutting
edge, whereas a non-cutting instrument has a
nib and a face or point.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Nomenclature of hand instruments
• Black's classification systems
This system categorized instruments by name base on:
(1) Function (e.g., scaler, excavator).
(2) Manner of use (e.g: pull,push, hand condenser)
(3) Design of the working end (e.g. spoon excavator, sickle
scaler).
(4) Shape of the shank(e.g., mon-angle (one), bin-
angle(two), triple-angle(three)).
(e.g. bin-angle spoon excavator)
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Instruments Formula
• [Link] introduced an instrument formula
that describes the dimension and angulation
of the instrument.
• placed on the shaft ( handle ) of the instrument
using a code of three or four numbers separated
by dashes or spaces i.e (10-8.5-8-14 R)
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Instruments Formula
• 1 - The first unit is the blade width in tenths
of a millimeter. ( 1.2 mms ).
• 2 - The second unit is the length of the blade
in millimeters. ( 8 mms ).
• 3 – The third unit is the angle formed by the
blade with axis of the handle in centigrades.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Instruments Formula
• 4- Primary cutting edge angle
For instruments with four units, the fourth
number is placed second in the code.
• Two instruments have a four number formula:
1. gingival marginal trimmer.
[Link] former
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Instruments Formula
Instruments Formula
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Instrument Formulas
Double ended
One end
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Cutting Instrument bevels
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Cutting Instrument Types & Applications
Cutting instruments are divided into
• Excavators
• Chisels
• Other hand cutting instruments: such as the
knife, file, & discoid-cleoid instrument
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Excavator
Is used for the removal of
soft dentin, debris, and
decay from the tooth.
– Spoon excavator
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Chisel
– Has a blade that is either aligned
with the handle or slightly
angled.
– The cutting edge is at a right
angle to the handle.
– Used to cut the enamel margin
of the tooth preparation, form
sharp lines, point angles, and
place retention grooves.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Hoe
– Like chisel , however its
blade has a greater angle
from the long axis of the
handle.
– Used to plane the walls and
floors of the tooth
preparation.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Hatchet
– The cutting edge is
parallel to the long axis
of the handle
– Used for cutting enamel,
and to smooth the walls
and floors of the tooth
preparation.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim
Gingival margin trimmer
– It is similar to
hatchet but, the
blade is curved
– Used to cut enamel
and place bevels
along the gingival
enamel margins of
the preparation.
Dr. Abeer Abdelmoneim