WALLEGA UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
Course: Basic Architectural Design II
Lecture 1
Date:17/06/17
1. Architectural Design Process
• Design Is A Creative Process To Solve A Problem.
• Design Involves A Lot Of Decisions
• It Is Composed Of Phases And Steps
PHASES
• Planning Phase: Research & Data gathering
• Generation Phase: Solution creation
• Evaluation Phase: Testing solution
Architectural Design Process (cont…)
Client Brief
Research
Planning
Design Program Phase
Site Analysis
Zone Diagram
Bubble Diagram
Generation
Schematic Diagram Phase`
Volumetric Study
Preliminary Design
Evaluation
Phase Final Design
Architectural Design Process (cont…)
CLIENT BRIEF
• The Client Has Its Own Needs, Testes And Objectives
• Your Task Is To Conceptualize And Realize The Client’s Needs
• CLIENT BRIEF INCLUDES
- Size - Religion - Aesthetical
- Age - Profession
-Gender - Functional
- Culture preference
Architectural Design Process (cont…)
RESEARCH (LITERATURE REVIEW)
• INFORMATION GATHERING ABOUT THE PROJECT
• SOURCES: BOOKS, CASE STUDY, VISIT, INTERNET
• PROJECT RESEARCH INCLUDES
- Function - Spatial Relationship
- Standard Size - Special Requirements
- Furniture - Light, View ,Noise
- Fixture
Architectural Design Process (cont…)
DESIGN PROGRAM
• A TABLE CONSISTING OF SPACE (ROOM) TYPES &
THEIR AREA
• BASED ON DESIGN BRIEF AND RESEARCH
• E.G- living + dining rm. …………..30m2
- Kitchen…………………………12m2
-Master Bed Rm. ……….……….20m2
• Consult & Check Weather You Attained The Client’s Need
Architectural Design Process (cont…)
SITE ANALYSIS
Site Analysis involves taking an inventory of site elements and
analyzing these factors relative to the clients needs & aims
Gather relevant information about the properties of the site,
from topography to climate to wind pattern and vegetation
• THESE FACTORS INCLUDE
• Climate
• Circulation
• Urban Context
• Natural & Man made elements
• Sensory Features
• Zoning & Building Codes
Site Analysis: Inventory List
Subsurface Features
- Geology:
Geology Geological history of the area,
bedrock type & depth etc.
- Hydrology:
Hydrology Underground water table, aquifers,
springs etc.
- Soil Genesis:
Genesis erosion susceptibility, moisture
(pF), reaction (pH) organic content, bearing
capacity etc.
Cont.…..
Natural Surface Features
◦ Vegetation: Type, size, location, shade pattern,
aesthetics, ecology etc.
◦ Slopes: Gradient, landforms, elevations, drainage
patterns
◦ Wild Life: ecology, species etc.
◦ Climate: precipitation, annual rain/snow, humidity,
wind direction, solar intensity & orientation,
average/highest/lowest temperature
Cont.…..
Cultural & Man-made Features
Utilities: sanitary, water supply, gas, electrical etc.
Land use: Usage of site, adjacent use, zoning
restrictions, easement etc.
Historic notes: archeological sites, landmarks,
building type, size, condition
Circulation: linkages an transit roads, auto &
pedestrian access, mass transit routes etc.
Social Factors: population, intensity, educational
level, economic & political factors, ethnicity, cultural
typology etc.
Cont.…..
Aesthetic Factors:
◦ Perceptual: from an auto, by pedestrian, by bike etc.
◦ Spatial Pattern: views of the site, views from the
site, spaces existing, potential for new areas,
sequential relationship
◦ Natural Features: significant natural features of the
site, water elements, rock formations, plant materials
Design Process: Zone Diagram
• Spaces Which Have Similar & Related Function Form Zone
• Zone 1( Living Zone) Lobby, Living Rm, Garage, Veranda etc
• Zone 2( Meal Zone) Kitchen, Dining Rm, Breakfast Rm etc
• Zone 3( Sleeping Zone) Master Bed, Ch. Bed, Bath Rm. Etc
• Zone 4( Utility Zone) Store, Laundry, Traditional kitchen etc
• ZONING HELPS TO DECIDE
-Location - Orientation -Privacy
-Level - Circulation
Design Process: Zone Diagram
Design Process: Bubble Diagram
• Zone Diagram Provides Rough Layout & Arrangement Zones
• But It Is Bubble Diagram That Provides Rooms/ Spaces
- Relationship - Orientation
- Location - Circulation
• Bubbles Represent Rooms/Spaces
• Arrows Represent Circulation
• Bubble Diagrams Are Floor Plans In Terms Of Bubbles
• Try To Develop As Many Bubble Diagram As Possible Till You Meet Different
Design Requirements
Design Process: Bubble Diagram
Design Process: Schematic Diagram
• From The Bubble Diagram The Schematic Diagram Develops
• Schematic Diagram Is A One Line Drawing
• At This Point, Think Also About The Appearance Of The Bldg
• Spaces Start To Get Exact Shape, Size And Location
• Consider Also The Impact Of Design Factors
• You Try A Number Of Schematic Diagram Untill You Attain
The Clients Needs and Tests
Design Process: Schematic Diagram
Design Process: Volumetric Study
• WHEN THE PLAN GETS SHAPE, START TO VISUALIZE
THE FORM
• perspective or isometric drawings
• volumetric model
• APPLY ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
• elements of design
• principles of design
• MAKE AS MANY VOLUMETRIC STUDY AS POSSIBLE TO COME
UP WITH
AESTHETICAL PLEASING FORM
Design Process: Preliminary Design
• DEVELOP THE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM TO
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
• widening walls
• including openings
• structural elements
• adding furniture
• selecting interior and exterior finishing materials
• type of roof
• INCLUDES PLANS, SECTION, ELEVATIONS, SITE PLAN,
3DS
Design Process: Final Design
• You Show The Preliminary Design To Your Client
• After Getting Confirmation From Client Start Preparation Of Final
Design
• Final Design Includes Rendered, Dimensioned and Labled:
• Floor Plans
• Sections
• Elevations
• Site Plan
• 3D: Perspective or Model