Relations
and
Functions
A relation is a correspondence between
two things of quantities. It is a set of ordered
pairs such that the set of all first coordinates
is called the domain and the set of all second
coordinates is called the range.
R = {(1,3) , (2,5) , (3,7) , (4,9) , (5,12)}
Practice Test: Find the domain and range in the given relation.
1. R = {(1,2) , (2,4) , (3,6) , (4,8) , (5,10)}
2. R = { (1, 2), (3, 4), (3,– 4),
(– 1, 0) }
3. x -3 -2 1 2 3 4
y 9 4 1 4 9 16
Find the domain and range in the given relation.
1. R = {(1,2) , (2,4) , (3,6) , (4,8) , (5,10)}
Find the domain and range in the given relation.
2. R = { (1, 2), (3, 4), (3,–
4), (– 1, 0) }
Find the domain and range in the given relation.
x -3 -2 1 2 3 4
3.
y 9 4 1 4 9 16
Types of Relations
One-to-One Relation One-to-Many Relation
Many-to-One Relation Many-to-Many Relation
One-to-One Relation
Linear Equation
y=x+1
Many-to-One Relation
Quadratic Equation
y=
One-to-Many Relation
Constant Equation
x = 5 Input Output
-3
0
5
4
Many-to-Many Relation
Equation of a Circle
2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 =4
0 2
2 -2
-2 0
Determine the type of relation.
1. 3.
2. 4.
Functions
A function is a relation having the property that
no two distinct ordered pairs have the same first
entry. A function is a rule that assigns a unique
element of the range to each element of the
domain.
R = {(1,3) , (2,4) , (3,5) , (4,6) , (5,7)}
f(x) = x + 2
Practice Test: Determine the domain and range and decide
whether the relation is a function or not.
1. {(1,4) , (2,5) , (3,6) , (4, 7)}
2. { (2, 4) , (– 2, 4) , (3, 9) , (3, – 9) }
3. {(1, 2) , (2, 5) , (2, 0) , (3, 7)}
4.
5.
Try: Which of the following relations are functions.
1. 3.
2. 4.
A function can be represented in different
ways. It can be illustrated as
1. a set of ordered pairs
2. an equation
3. table of values
4. a graph
Vertical Line Test
A graph in the xy – plane represents a function y =
f(x) provided that a vertical line intersects the graph in
at most one point.
Practice Test: Determine whether the graph
shows a function or not.
1. 2. 3.
Practice Test: Determine whether the graph
shows a function or not.
4. 5.
Examples
of
Functions
Examples of Functions
1. Polynomial Functions
2. Rational Functions
3. Exponential Functions
4. Logarithmic Functions
5. Piecewise Functions
A polynomial function can be classified according to degree.
1. Constant Function - Degree is 0
2. Linear Function - Degree is 1
3. Quadratic Function - Degree is 2
4. Cubic Function - Degree is 3
5. Quartic Function - Degree is 4
6. Quintic Function - Degree is 5
Determine the kind of polynomial
function in terms of degree.
1. y 9x + 2
2. y x³ – 5x +10
3. y 2x² – 4x – 1
x⁵ – x⁴ – x³ + 6
5. f(x) 5x⁴ + x³ – 4x – 1
1. Polynomial Functions
Constant Function Linear Function Quadratic Function
Cubic Function Quartic Function Quintic Function
2. Rational Functions
3. Exponential Functions
4. Logarithmic Functions
5. Piecewise Functions
5. Piecewise Functions
Practice Test: Determine the type of
function.
1. 2. 3.
Practice Test: Determine the type of
function.
4. 5.
Evaluating
Functions
Example: Given the function, f(x) = 5x + 8,
answer the following:
1. Find f(3)
2. Find f(-2)
3. Find f
4. Find f(2x + 1)
5. Find f( - 4)
Given the function, f(x) = 5x + 8
1. Find f(3)
Given the function, f(x) = 5x + 8
2. Find f(-2)
Given the function, f(x) = 5x + 8
3. Find f
Given the function, f(x) = 5x + 8
4. Find f(2x + 1)
Given the function, f(x) = 5x + 8
5. Find f( - 4)
Seatwork: Given the function, f(x) = 5x + 3,
answer the following:
1. Find f(7)
2. Find f(-3)
3. Find f
4. Find f(3x - 1)
5. Find f( - 1)
f(x) = 5x + 3
1. Find f(7)
f(x) = 5x + 3
2. Find f(-3)
f(x) = 5x + 3
3. Find f
f(x) = 5x + 3
4. Find f(3x - 1)
f(x) = 5x + 3
5. Find f( - 1)