Chapter # 7
Kinetic Energy and Work
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What is energy?
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Energy transfer cycle
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Kinetic energy
• Kinetic energy K: is energy associated with the state of
motion of an object. The faster the object moves,
the greater is its kinetic energy.
When the object is stationary, its kinetic energy is zero.
• For an object of mass m whose speed is v
• For example, a 3.0 kg object moving at 2.0 m/s has a kinetic energy of 6.0 kg.m 2/s2
• The SI unit of kinetic energy (and all types of energy) is the joule (J).
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1J=kg.m /s 2 2
Work
• Work done on a particle by a constant force during a displacement is
In which is the angle between and
Work has the SI unit of the joule, the same as
kinetic energy.
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• Work W is energy transferred to or from
an object by means of a force acting on
the object. Energy transferred to the
object is positive work, and energy
transferred from the object is negative
work.
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Work done by the gravitational force
• Force of gravity acting on a body equals to mg
• Therefore, work done by the gravitational force is given by
• If a body is moving upward, work done by the gravity will be
negative.
• If a body is moving downward, work done by the gravity will
be positive. 10
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Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem
• The net work done on a body is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
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Work Done by Variable force
Spring Force
• Spring force is given by Hook’s Law
• Work done by the spring force can be calculated as
• If the block was initially at the equilibrium position, then
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A 2 kg block slides along a frictionless horizontal surface at a speed of 5 m/s.
It encounters a rough incline that makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal.
The incline has a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.2. At the top of the incline,
the block compresses a spring of spring constant 100 N/m until it comes to a
stop. The block moves a total distance d=2 m on the incline. Calculate,
(a)Work done by gravity
(b)Work done by force of friction
(c)Work done by the spring
(d)Maximum compression of the spring
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NOTE: Work can also be calculated by finding
the area under the Force-displacement curve.
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Important problems from chapter#7
14, 15, 17, 19, 23, 24, 27, 32, 36, 37, 53, 58, 62, 63
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