GUESS
ME!
GERNA
GUESS
ME!
AMOIDN
GUESS
ME!
ANORITLA
GUESS
ME!
TIHZRLOAN
GUESS
ME!
CRAVTELI
GUESS
ME!
QELIBUO
Properties of Rational Functions
Definition:
Rational Function
A function in the form:
The functions p and q are polynomials.
The domain of a rational function is the set
of all real numbers except those values that
make the denominator, q(x), equal to zero.
2
2
2
𝑥 − 4 2 𝑥 −1
𝑓 (𝑥 )= ( )
h 𝑥= 2 𝑔 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑥 +5 𝑥 −4 𝑥−1
Properties of Rational Functions
Domain of a Rational Function
2
(𝑥 )= 𝑥 − 3
𝑓
𝑥+ 4
𝑥+ 4= 0
𝑥 =− 4
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 :
{x | x –4}
or
(-, -4) (-4, )
Properties of Rational Functions
Domain of a Rational Function
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 −
𝑥 +
Properties of Rational Functions
Domain of a Rational Function
2
( ) 𝑥 − 4
𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑥 −2
𝑥 − 2 =0
𝑥 =2
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 :
{x | x 2}
or
(-, 2) (2, )
Properties of Rational Functions
Domain of a Rational Function
Properties of Rational Functions
Domain of a Rational Function
2
h ( 𝑥 )= 2
𝑥 −9
2
𝑥 − 9= 0
( 𝑥 − 3 ) ( 𝑥 + 3 )=0
x= −3 , 3
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 :
{x | x –3, 3}
or
(-, -3) (-3, 3) (3, )
Properties of Rational Functions
Domain of a Rational Function
2 𝑥 +3
h ( 𝑥 )= 2
𝑥 − 2 𝑥 − 15
2
𝑥 − 2 𝑥 − 15 = 0
( 𝑥 − 5 ) ( 𝑥 + 3 ) =0
x= −3 , 5
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 :
{x | x –3, 5}
or
(-, -3) (-3, 5) (5, )
Properties of Rational Functions
Linear Asymptotes
Lines in which a graph of a function will
approach.
Vertical Asymptote
A vertical asymptote exists for any value of x
that makes the denominator zero AND is not a
value that makes the numerator zero.
Example
2
𝑥 − 16 ( 𝑥 − 4 )( 𝑥+ 4)
𝑓 (𝑥 )= ¿
𝑥+ 5
x=−5
𝑥 +5
A vertical asymptotes exists VA:
at x = -5.
Properties of Rational Functions
Asymptotes
Vertical Asymptote
Example
𝑥 − 𝑥 −6 ( 𝑥 +2)( 𝑥 −3)
2
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 2 ¿ x= 3 , 4
𝑥 − 7 𝑥 +12 ( 𝑥 − 4 )( 𝑥 −3)
A vertical asymptote exists at x = 4. VA:
A vertical asymptote does not exist at x = 3 as
it is a value that also makes the numerator
zero.
A hole exists in the graph at x = 3.
Properties of Rational Functions
Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptote
A horizontal asymptote exists if the largest
exponents in the numerator and the
denominator are equal, o
if the largest exponent r in the denominator is
larger than the largest exponent in the
numerator.
If the largest exponent in the denominator is
equal to the largest exponent in the
numerator, then the horizontal asymptote is
equal
If to the ratio
the largest of theincoefficients.
exponent the denominator is
larger than the largest exponent in the
numerator, then the horizontal asymptote is .
Properties of Rational Functions
Asymptotes
Horizontal Asymptote
Example
3 2
5 𝑥 −2 𝑥 −7
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 3
2 𝑥 − 7 𝑥 +10
A horizontal asymptote exists at HA:
y = 5/2.
𝑥−6
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 2
𝑥 − 7 𝑥 +12
A horizontal asymptote exists HA:
at y = 0.
Properties of Rational Functions
Asymptotes
Oblique (slant) Asymptote
An oblique asymptote exists if the largest
exponent in the numerator is one degree
larger than the largest exponent in the
denominator.
**Note**
Other non-linear asymptotes can exist for a
rational function.
Properties of Rational Functions
Asymptotes
Oblique Asymptote
Example
2
𝑥 +1 An oblique asymptote
𝑓 (𝑥 )= exists.
𝑥 Long division is
required.
𝑥
x x 2 0 x 1
−𝑥 2
0 0𝑥
An oblique asymptote exists at y = x. OA:
Properties of Rational Functions
Asymptotes
Oblique Asymptote
Example
4 2
4 𝑥 +2 𝑥 + 𝑥 −1 An oblique asymptote
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 3
2 𝑥 +3𝑥 exists.
Long division is
2𝑥 required.
2x3 3x 4x4 0x3 2x2 x 1
−4 𝑥 4 −6 𝑥 2
−4 𝑥
2 An oblique
asymptote exists
at y = 2x
OA:
THAN
K
YOU!!!