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Sequence and Series
 DEFINITIONS
Sequence: a list of numbers in a
specific order.
Ex. 1,2,3,4,5…
Term: each number in a
sequence
The next term in the above series
is
 DEFINITIONS
Arithmetic Sequence: a
sequence in which each term
after the first term is found
by a common difference (d),
to the previous term.
 DEFINITIONS
Arithmetic Sequence/
Progression (AP): a
sequence in which each term
after the first term is found
by adding a constant, called
the common difference (d),
to the previous term. 27, 33
Common
Difference = Any
term – Previous
term
Find the next three terms
in the sequence:
2,5, 8, 11, 14, , ,
2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23
The common difference
is? 3!!!
17, 10, 3, -4, -11, -18, …
What is the common
difference for the above
series?
Subtract any term from the term after
it.
Eg:
-4 - 3 = -7
Therefore, d = - 7
•What is the tenth term in the sequence
given as 357, 363, 369, 375………..?

a. 405
b. 411
c. 413
dd.
= +417
6
381, 387, 393, 399, 405, 411
or 10th term
357 + 9*6 = 411
 Value of n Term th

For arithmetic sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ….

a1= First Term of the sequence
d = common difference
n = term number
an = value of the nth term

an = a1 + (n-1)*d
 Arithmetic Series
Arithmetic Series is the sum of a
sequence.
For arithmetic sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, ….
s1 = a1 =1
s4 = a1 + a2+ a3+ a4 =1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
Formula
An auditorium has 20 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in the first
row, 21 seats in the second row, 22 seats in the third row, and so on.
How many seats are there in all 20 rows?
a1  20
d=1
n = 20
?

an  a1   n 1d

a20  20 191  39

So the total no of seats is 590

A small business sells $10,000 worth of sports
memorabilia during its first year. The owner of the
business has set a goal of increasing annual sales by
$7500 each year for 19 years. Assuming that the
goal is not met, find the total sales during the first
20 years this business is in operation.

DATA INADEQUATE : Since the goal is not met, one cannot find
the common difference, hence no particular sequence followed unless
specified
A small business sells $10,000 worth of sports memorabilia during its
first year. The owner of the business has set a goal of increasing annual
sales by $7500 each year for 19 years. Assuming that the goal is met,
find the total sales during the first 20 years this business is in operation.
a1  10,000
d = + 7500
n = 20
?
an  a1   n 1d
a20  10,000 19(7500
 152,500
20
S  2 10,000 152,500
20

the162,500
So10 
total sales for the1,625,000
first 20 years is $1,625,000
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,…

What is the common difference in

the series above?
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
•Geometric Sequence is a sequence of
number where two consecutive terms
make a common ratio
•The example of Geometric Sequence: 1,
4, 16, 64,……
Common Ratio (r) = Any term ÷ Previous
term
Ex: 4/1 = 4
16/4 = 4
64/16 = 4
Therefore; the common ratio (r) of the
given G.P = 4
Find the 12th term of the G.P: 1, 4, 16, 64,
…

an = a1rn–1
nth term 1st term Common ratio

a12 = 1(412–1 )
a12 = 1( ) = 4194304
Example Questions

The first term of a geometric sequence is 500, and the common

ratio is 0.2. What is the 7th term of the sequence?

an = a1rn–1 Write the formula.

a7 = 500(0.2)7–1 Substitute 500 for a1,7 for n, and

0.2 for r.
= 500(0.2)6 Simplify the exponent.

= 0.032 Use a calculator.

The 7th term of the sequence is 0.032.
Finding the nth Term of a Geometric
Sequence
For a geometric sequence, a1 = 5, and r = 2. Find the 6th term
of the sequence.

an = a1rn–1 Write the formula.

a6 = 5(2)6–1 Substitute 5 for a1,6 for n, and 2
for r.
= 5(2)5 Simplify the exponent.
= 160

The 6th term of the sequence is 160.

 Application

A ball is dropped from a tower.

The table shows the heights of the Bounce Height (cm)
balls bounces, which form a 1 300
geometric sequence. What is the
height of the 6th bounce? 2 150
3 75

300 150 75

The value of r is
0.5.
 Example Continued

an = a1rn–1 Write the

formula.
a6 = 300(0.5)6–1 Substitute 300 for a1, 6 for n, and
0.5 for r.
= 300(0.5)5 Simplify the exponent.

= 9.375 Use a
calculator.

The height of the 6th bounce is 9.375 cm.

 Check It Out!
The table shows a car’s value for
3 years after it is purchased. Year Value ($)
How much will the car be worth
in the 10th year? 1 10,000
2 8,000
3 6,400
10,000 8,000 6,400

The value of r is
0.8.
 Check It
Out!
an = a1rn–1 Write the formula.

a6 = 10,000(0.8)10–1 Substitute 10,000 for a 1,10 for n,

and 0.8 for r.
= 10,000(0.8)9 Simplify the exponent.

= 1,342.18 Use a calculator.

In the 10th year, the car will be worth $1342.18.

In the sequence 7, 14, 28, 56,……..,
what will be the tenth term?

a. 1792
b. 2468
c. 4080
d. 3584
Geometric Series
•Tshering saves Nu. 2 in January, Nu.
6 in
February, Nu. 18 in
March and so on. Tshering’s total
savings in one year is:

a. Nu. 32320
b. Nu. 83490
c. Nu. 531440
d. Nu. 642240
Calculating Time Differences
 TIME ZONES
The world is divided into 24 time zones.
Approximately how many degrees of longitude divide each
time zone?
Hint: The world is divided into 360⁰.
Ans: approximately 15⁰ per time zone

15⁰ E = + 1 hour
15⁰ E = + 60 minutes
minutes
1⁰ E = + 4 minutes
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING

EAST INCREASES
Time is forward to all places to the east

WEST DECREASES
Time is backward to all places to the west
I am a time of the day. I am in London (United
Kingdom) when it is 3:00 PM in Tokyo (Japan).
Assume that Tokyo time is 3 hours ahead of
Thimphu (Bhutan) time. I am ……………..

a) 12 midnight
b) 3 AM
c) 6 AM
d) 6 PM
An Annual Film Festival is scheduled to be broadcast on
Bhutan Broadcasting Service Channel 2 from Chubachu,
Thimphu at 8.00 p.m. on Monday. The news was heard by
some Bhutanese Friends near Ivory Coast in West Africa
which is located at 30°W longitude. However, they are not sure
at what local time it will be broadcast, tell your friends the local
time there. (PE MOCK 2020)

A. 4:00 AM Tuesday
B.12:00 Noon Monday
C. 12:00 Noon Tuesday
D.6:00 PM Monday
CALCULATING ANGLE
BETWEEN HOUR AND
MINUTE HAND
Time is 12:30, but is the angle 180 degrees as we mostly think?
Time is 3:30, but is the angle 90 degrees as we mostly assume?
Where m = minute & h = hour
General concept

1. If the result is greater than 180 degrees, subtract

it from 360 to get the included angle. (only
if reflex angle is not asked)
2. You just should substitute h=0 in it, not h=12 in
case time is given like 12:35, so your h = 0 and
m = 35
What is the angle between
the minute and the hour
hand of the clock which
shows 12:24?
A. 115
B. 120
C. 124
D. 130
E. 132
An accurate clock shows 8
o'clock in the morning. Through
how may degrees will the hour
hand rotate when the clock
shows 2 o'clock in the
afternoon?
A. 144°
B. 150°
C. 168°
D. 180°
The rotation that the hour hand of a
clock makes through between noon
and 2.30 in the afternoon of the
same day is:
A. 720 degrees
B.180 degrees
C. 120 degrees
D.75 degrees
SESSION II: PERCENTAGE,
RATIO
& AVERAGE
RATI
O
WHAT IS A RATIO?
A ratio is a comparison of two numbers with the
same unit.
Ratios can be written in three different ways:
a to b a:b
a
Because a ratio is a fraction, b can not be
zero

b
Ratios are expressed in simplest
form
 HOW TO USE RATIOS?

The ratio of eyes to nose is

2:1
The ratio of hand to fingers is 1:5

.
HOW TO SIMPLIFY RATIOS?
Now I tell you I have 12 cats and 6 dogs. Can you simplify the ratio of cats and
dogs to 2 to 1?

12 12 / 2
= =
6 66 / 1
6 Divide both numerator
and denominator by
their Greatest Common
Factor 6.
MORE EXAMPLES…
8 1 12 6
24 = 50 =
3 25
27 3
40
= 1 =
200 18 2
5

27 3
=
9 1
HOW TO SIMPLIFY RATIOS?
A person’s arm is 80cm, he is 2m tall.
Find the ratio of the length of his arm to his
total height
To compare them, we need to convert
both numbers into the same unit …
either cm or m.
• Let’s try cm first!

arm 80cm 80cm Once we have the

height
  same units, we can
2m 200cm simplify them.

 80  2
200 5
 HOW TO SIMPLIFY RATIOS?
• Let’s try m
now!
arm
80cm 0.8m
Once we have the
same units, they
height  
2m 2m simplify to 1.


8

2
20 5
To make both numbers
integers, we multiplied both
numerator and denominator by
10
 HOW TO SIMPLIFY RATIOS?
If the numerator and denominator do not
have the same units it may be easier to
convert to the smaller number so we don’t
have to work with decimals…
3cm/12m = 3cm/1200cm = 1/400

2kg/15g = 2000g/15g = 400/3

5ft/70in = (5*12)in / 70 in = 60in/70in = 6/7

2g/8g = 1/4 Of course, if they are already in the same units, we

don’t have to worry about converting. Good deal
QUESTION
1
There are “b” boys and “g” girls in the
classroom. The ratio of girls to the total
number of students in the classroom will
be:

A. b/(b+g)
B. (b+g)/g
C. g/(b+g)
D. None of the above
QUESTION
2
The ratio of Ms Yangkas age to Agay Rinzin’s
age is 3:8. The difference of their ages is 35
years. The ratio of their ages after 4 years
will be:

A. 7:12
B. 5:12
C. 21:56
D. 56:21
QUESTION
4
If Karma covered 1500 meters in one hour and Pema
covered 1.2 km in one hour, what is the ratio of distance
covered by Karma is to distance covered by Pema in
one hour.

a) 5:4
b) 4:5
c) 1500 : 1.2
d) 5m:4m
QUESTI
ON 5
Two numbers are in ratio of 10:7. If the sum of the
numbers is 34, what is the smaller number?

A. 17
B. 10
C. 14
D. 20
QUESTI
ON 6
Pencils, Pens and Exercise books in a shop
are in the ratio of 10: 2 : 3. If there are 120
pencils, the number of exercise books in the
shop is:
A. 36
B. 72
C. 48
D. 100
QUESTI
ON 7
The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a
class is 7:8. If the number of boys is 21, what
is the total number of students in a class? (PE
2014)
A. 40
B. 45
C. 47
D. 50
QUESTI
ON 8
•You are preparing local bamboo shoot pickle. The pickle needs bamboo shoot,
tomato and chilli in the ratio of 4:2:1. If you have 24 kg of bamboo shoot. 20 kg of
tomato and 8 kg of chilli, total of how many kilogram of pickles can you prepare?
(Assume there is negligible waste from the preparation)(2017 PE)
A. 42 kg
B. 44 kg
C. 49 kg
D. 52 kg
QUESTI
ON 9
Sonam and Dorji played a basketball game in which
the ratio of the scores of Sonam to the scores of Dorji
is 3:4. Which of the following could NOT be their
combined total scores?
(PE 2018)
A. 42
B. 21
C. 63
D. 58
QUESTI
ON 10
A sum of money is to be distributed among A, B,
C, D in the proportion of 5 : 2 : 4 : 3. If C gets
Nu. 1000 more than D, what is B's share?

🢝 A. Nu. 500

🢝 B. Nu. 1500

🢝 C. Nu. 2000

🢝 D. None of these
 QUESTI
ON 11
Salaries of Ravi and Sumit are in the ratio 2 : 3.
If the salary of each is increased by Nu. 4000,
the new ratio becomes 40 : 57. What is Sumit's
salary?
🢝A. Nu. 17,000

🢝B. Nu. 20,000

🢝C. Nu. 25,500

🢝D. Nu. 38,000

QUESTIO
N 12
A school arranges annual picnic for students and
teachers. For every 20 students, a teacher is
assigned to look after them. If there are 672
people at the picnic, how many teachers were
present at the picnic? (Teacher Aptitude 2015)
A. 34
B. 28
C. 32
D. 26
PERCENTAGE
A PERCENT IS THE RATIO OF A NUMBER
TO 100. THE SYMBOL % IS USED TO
INDICATE THAT A NUMBER IS A
PERCENT.

Reading Math
The word percent means “per hundred.”
So 40% means “40 out of 100.”
SOLVING PERCENTAGE PROBLEMS
Success for students depends on their
understanding of the three basic types of
percentage problems:

🢝 MISSING PART: Finding what quantity is a given

percentage of another. (percent of)

🢝 MISSING PERCENT: Finding what percentage

one quantity is of another. (fraction to
percent)

🢝 MISSING WHOLE: Finding the whole quantity (ie

the 100%) Given what percent a certain
quantity is.
SOLVING PERCENTAGE
PROBLEMS
1. There are 60 books on the shelf and 20%
are cookbooks. How many are cookbooks?

2. There are 60 books on the shelf and 12 are

cookbooks. What percentage are cookbooks?

3. There are some books on the shelf and 12 are

cookbooks. If 20% are cookbooks, how many
books are on the shelf?
QUESTION 1
If 30% of apples are rotten out of 500 apples, what is
the exact number of apples rotten?

a) 30
b) 300
c) 150
d) 100
QUESTION
2
If 4 out of 10 students are female, what is the
percentage of female students in the class?

a) 4%
b) 40%
c)10%
d) 50%
QUESTION
3
In a flower garden of roses and sunflower, 40% of
flowers are rose. If there are 120 sunflowers in
the garden, total of how many flowers are there in
the garden?
a) 80
b) 60
c) 120
d) 200
QUESTION
4
Sonam harvested 400 kg of apples last year. If the
harvest of apples has been decreased by 15% this
year, Sonam harvested how many kg of apple
less this year than last year?

a) 15kg
b) 60kg
c) 200kg
d) 340 kg
How many kgs of apple did Sonam harvest this year?
400 - 60 = 340 kgs
QUESTION
5
If the number of students who passed the exam
last year was 150 and if number of students who
passed the exam this year increased by 24 %
compared to last year, how many students passed
the exam this year?
a)186
b) 36
c) 114
d) 24
 QUESTION
7
Sonam bought one dozen of eggs from Sunday market. On
the way, he accidently slipped off his legs and broken ¼ of
the eggs. What percentage of eggs does he own?
A. 25
B. 75
C. 9
D. Data Inadequate
ASSESSMENT FOR COMMON
MISUNDERSTANDINGS
5.8 Using per cent: diagnostic
question

What was the price of the skate board

before the sale?
Dorji earns Nu. 15000 in a month. His
family uses one LPG cylinder a month.
If one LPG cylinder costs Nu. 1200,
what percentage of his monthly salary
is spent for cooking? (PE 2013)

A. 8%
B. 10%
C. 80%
D. 92%
In a family, Sonam weighs
twice as much as Choden.
Choden’s weight is 90% of
Karma’s. Deki’s weight is
120% of Karma’s. Who is the
heaviest in the family? (PE
2013) Let Karma = 100kg
Choden = 90% of 100 = 90kg
A. Sonam Sonam = 2 * 90 = 180kg
B. Choden Deki = 120% of 100 = 120kg
C. Deki
D. Karma
The pass percentage of a school
stands at 95% with 570 students
passing the annual examinations.
How many more students in the
school would have to pass to raise
the pass percentage to 98%? (PE
2013)

A. 18 students
B. 25 students
C. 20 students
D. 15 students
A shopkeeper increases the price
of homemade chilli pickle by 15%.
She further increases the new price
by another 15%. Which of the
following is the equivalent price
increases form the original price?
(PE.2018) Let original price = Nu 100
A. 32.25% First increase = 15% of 100 = Nu 15
Second increase = 15% of (100 +115)
B. 30.00% = 15% of 115 = Nu 17.25

C. 33.15% Total increase = 15 + 17.25 = Nu 32.25

Total increase = 32.25%
D. 31.50%
QUESTION
3
•There are 72 fruits in a basket of apples, mangos and oranges. If the ratio of
number apples to oranges to mangos is 5:6:7 and if 7 oranges are
rotten, what percent of oranges can be eaten?
• A. 25%
• B. 50%
• C. 70.83%
• D. Cannot be determined
DEFINITIO
N
Mean
Means
Avera
ge7/15/22
 DEFINITIO
N
Mean – the average of a
group of numbers.

2, 5, 2, 1, 5
Mean = 3
MEAN IS FOUND BY EVENING
OUT THE NUMBERS

2, 5, 2, 1,
5
MEAN IS FOUND BY EVENING OUT THE
NUMBERS
2, 5, 2, 1,
5
 2, 5, 2, 1, 5
MEAN IS FOUND BY EVENING OUT THE
NUMBERS mean = 3
Q1. Pema took six different amounts of time in minutes to
finish a hundred meter distance from Monday to Saturday
respectively as given below: 20,15, 10, 8, 9 and 5. What
is the arithmetic mean of the time he consumed?
A. 15
B. 10
C. 11.17
D. 10.12
Q2. Sonam has an average mark of 90 in three subjects’
tests. While appearing the fourth subject, he scored 70.
The average mark of the four subjects is:

A. 95
B. 90
C. 85
D. 80
Q3. The average age of a group of 5 students was 10. The average
age increased by 4 years when 2 new students joined the group.
What is average age of the two new students who joined the
group?

A. 48
B. 24
C. 12
D. 10
Q4. Average of four consecutive odd number is
24. Find the largest number.

A. 25
B.27
C.29
D.31
Q5. In an class test of 10 students, 3 students scored 7, 2 students
scored 8, 2 student scored 9 and remaining students scored 6. What
is the average score of the class?

A. 7.5
B. 7
C. 7.3
D. 7.4
Q6. The average height of 30 girls out of a
class of 40 girls who are attending Prelims
coaching classes in IPS is 160cm and of the
remaining girls is 156 cm. However, the CEO is
interested to know the average height of all
girls studying in IPS. Kindly tell CEO, Mr Kado
average height.

A. 158 cm
B. 158.5 cm
C. 159 cm
D. 159.5 cm
Q7. The Librarian of the Jigme Dorji Wangchuk
National Library has kept record of visitors in
the library. He noticed that it has an average
of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other
days. The average number of visitors per day
in a month of 30 days beginning with a
Sunday is: SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT

A. 250
B. 276
C. 285
D. 280
Q8. The average of 10 numbers is
zero. Of them, at the most, how
many may be greater than zero?

a. 0
b. 1
c. 10
d. 9
NUMBERS &
FRACTION
NUMBER
TYPES
⚫ Odd
⚫ Even
⚫ Whole
⚫ Integers
⚫ Rational Numbers
⚫ Irrational Numbers

⚫ Which is which?
⚫ How can you tell them
apart?
 Can you sort the numbers?
2, 19 , 17, 22, 5, 36, 33, 7, 1, 0,
12

100, 77, 89, 64, 1200, 131, 3, 52, 96, 9

ODD EVEN
EVE
N
Create your own definition for odd and even numbers

ODD EVEN
19, 17, 5, HINT 2, 22,
33, 7, 1, : 2 36, 12,
77, 89, 131, 100, 88,
3, 9 64,
1200,
52, 96
 True/ False
Odd Number + Odd Number = Even Number

ODD A whole
which is not
number
19, 17, 5,
divisible by two.
33, 7, 1, When divided
77, 89, 131, by 2, the
3, 9 answer has a
remainder.
 True/ False
Even Number + Even Number = Even Number

EVEN
A whole
2, 22,
number
which can be
divided by 2 36, 12,
no
with 100, 89,
remainder. 64, 1200,
52, 96
Let x, y and z be distinct
integers. If x and y are even,
and z is odd, which of the
following expression is NOT
true?
A. (x-z)2y is even
B. (x-z)2z is odd
C. (z-y)2x is even
D.(y-x)2z is odd
A NATURAL NUMBER:

A positive whole number.

Natural numbers are denoted with the capital letter N

Highlight the NATURAL NUMBERS on this number line.

 WHOLE
NUMBERS
⚫ The Counting Numbers
including 0.
⚫ Ex: 0,1,2,3,4,5……
9
43

101 12
235
 INTEGE
RS
⚫ Positive and negative whole numbers.
⚫ -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3…….

⚫ How are integers and whole numbers

related?

-132
-27
1
9
WHOLE NUMBERS ⊂
INTEGERS
⚫ All whole numbers are integers because integers
include both positive and negative whole numbers.

Integer
s

Whole
Number
s
RATIONAL
NUMBERS
⚫ Numbers that can be written as a fraction a/
b.
⚫ Numbers that have terminating decimals.
⚫ Numbers that have repeating decimals.

⚫ 4.375 = 4 375/1 000 = 4 3/8

⚫ 2.5 = 2 5/1 0 = 2 1/2
⚫ 0.3 repeating = 3/9 = 1/3

⚫ How do rational numbers relate?

WHOLE NUMBERS ⊂ INTEGERS RATIONAL ⊂
NUMBERS
⚫ All rational numbers are integers and whole
numbers because you can make them into a ratio
(or fraction) by putting a 1 under it.
⚫ 24/1, -8/1, 567/1, -76/1, 24/3, -64/8
Rational
Number

Intege
r

Whol
e
IRRATIONAL
NUMBERS
⚫ Numbers that cannot be made into a simple fraction;
they have a decimal that keeps going and going.
⚫π , √2 , 4.23233…. , -√8

Pi
Pi
ARE IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
RELATED?
⚫ Irrational Numbers are by themselves because they cannot be
made into fractions (rational numbers) or cannot be a positive
or negative whole number since there is no decimal.

Rational
Number

Intege
Irrational r

Number
s
Whol
e
USING THE NUMBERS
GIVEN, MATCH NUMBERS Factors:
INTO PAIRS THAT
9 12
MULTIPLY TOGETHER TO 5 8
GIVE THE FOLLOWING
PRODUCTS BELOW…
7 8 3
a) 63
b) 48 2 6
c) 36
d) 10
Using the numbers given, Factors
match numbers into pairs
that multiply together to
2 3 :

give the following

5
7 Create your own
products below… definition for the
a) 63 = 9 X 7 x keyword
8
b) 48 = 6 X 8 x FACTOR.
c) 36 = 12 X 3 x 6 12 9
d) 10 = 5 X 2 x
 FACTOR:
A FACTOR OF A NUMBER DIVIDES THE
NUMBER EXACTLY, LEAVING NO
REMAINDER.

TRUE FALS
E
4 is a factor of 20
3 is a factor of 34
1 is a factor of every number
Every number is a factor of itself
Another word for factor is DIVISOR
The factors of 16 are 1,2,4,7,16
3 x 6 is a pair factor of 18
 TRUE FALS
E
4 is a factor of TRUE
20
3 is a factor of FALS
34 E
1 is a factor of every TRUE
number
Every number is a factor of TRUE
itself
Another word for factor is TRUE
DIVISOR
The factors of 16 are FALS
1,2,4,7,16 E
3 x 6 is a pair factor of TRUE
18
 FACTORS OF 10 ARE
FACTORS OF 20
ARE
Represent the above factors on the VENN DIAGRAM below…
 1 1 1 20
Hands up if you
0 got this
5
VENN
2 5 4 DIAGRAM

2
10
Factors of 10 Factors of 20
 1 2
Hands up you
0 0 got this
1 VENN
4 DIAGRAM
5
2
Factors of 10 Factors of 20
 Which number is the
Highest Common
1 2 Factor?
0 0 The Highest
4
1 Common
5 Factor (HCF)
is the highest
2 factor common
to both
Factors of 10 Factors of 20
products.
Question 1
Find the highest/greatest common
factor (HCF/GCF) of 56 and 48

Question 2
Find the HCF of 63 and 28
The greatest possible length which can be
used to measure exactly the lengths 7 m, 3
m, 12 m is:
A. 15 cm
B. 25 cm
C. 35 cm
D. 42 cm
Find the greatest number that will divide
43, 91 and 183 so as to leave the same
remainder in each case.
A. 4
B. 7
C. 9
D. 13
 Can be divided by 132

How many of the following numbers are

divisible by 132? 264, 396, 462, 792, 968,
2178, 5184, 6336?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
 Can be divided by 132

How many of the following numbers are

divisible by 132? 264, 396, 462, 792, 968,
2178, 5184, 6336?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
Lowest Common Multiple
1 2 3 4 5 6
2 4 6 8 10 12
(LCM):
3 6 9 12 15 18 The Lowest Common Multiple is the smallest
4 8 12 16 20 24
number common in both multiples of a given
5 10 15 20 25 30
number.
Q1. What is the LCM of 4 and 2? 4
6 12 18 24 30 36 Q2. What is the LCM of 4 and 5? 20
7 14 21 28 35 42
Q3. What is the LCM of 3, 5 and 6? 30
8 16 24 32 40 48
Q4. What is the LCM of 2, 3 and 5? 30
9 18 27 36 45 54
Q6. What is the LCM of 8 and 16? 16
10 20 30 40 50 60
Q7. TRUE / FALSE You always get a common
11 22 33 44 55 66
multiple of a pair of numbers by multiplying
12 24 36 48 60 72
them together.
True

Q8. Why have I not asked you to find the Highest

Common Multiple yet?
Six bells start tolling together and toll at
intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 seconds
respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times
do they toll together?

A. 4
B. 10
C. 15
D. 16
Q. In an emergency department of JDWNRH, there
are two electronic devices which make beep sound
in different time interval. The first electronic device
makes a beep after every 60 sec. Another device
makes a beep after every 62 sec. They beeped
together at 10 a.m. The time when they will next
make a beep together at the earliest is,

A. 10:28 am
B. 10:30 am
C. 10:31 am
D. None of above
Algebra
If (64)2 - (36)2 = 20x, then x = ?
A. 70
B. 120
C. 180
D. 140
The value of x + x(x x ) when x = 2 is:

⚫A. 10
⚫B. 16
⚫C. 18
⚫D. 36
Astudent got twice as many questions
wrong as he got right. If he attempted
84 questions, how many did he solve
correctly?
A. 28
B. 16
C. 56
D. 42
If 3x + 2y = 9 and 5x - y = 2, find the
values of x and y?

A. x = 2 and y = 1
B. x = 4 and y = 5
C. x = 3 and y = 1
D. x = 1 and y = 3
If the cost of x metres of wire is d
rupees, then what is the cost of y
metres of wire at the same rate?

A. xd
B. yd
C. yd/x
D. x/yd
FRACTIONS
WHAT IS A
FRACTION?
⚫When an object is divided into a
number of
equal parts then each part is called
a fraction
2 numerat
or
denominat

3 or
HOW MANY EQUAL PARTS ARE
THERE IN THIS SHAPE?

What is the denominator of this

fraction?

1
4
NUMERATOR
The numerator says how many parts in
the
fraction

1 part is
1
coloured
in
2
HOW MANY EQUAL PARTS
ARE COLOURED IN IN THIS
SHAPE?

What is the numerator of this

fraction?
3
4
In Thimphu Pri. School. 3/4 of the girls play basketball.
1/2 play badminton, 1/8 of those who play badminton
do not play basketball. How many girls play none of the
two games? (2017PE)

A. 3/16
B. 3/8
C. 7/16
D. 1/8
If A/B = 3/5, then 15A =?
A. 9B
B. 5/3
C. 9A
D. Cannot be determined
When we divide a proper fraction by an
improper fraction, the quotient will always
be:

[Link] than 1
[Link] than 1
[Link] to 1
D.0
QUESTION
If a/b=0.25. What is the
negative value of the reciprocal
of the fraction a/b? (PE 2013)
A. -4
B. -5
C. -6
D.4
QUESTION
The Mathematics tutor of IPS spends half of
his salary on household expenses, one fourth
for rent, one fifth for travel expenses, and
deposits the rest in a bank. If his monthly
deposits in the bank amounts to Nu. 500,
what is his monthly salary?

🢝 A. Nu.5000
🢝 B. Nu.15000
🢝 C. Nu.10000
🢝 D. Nu. 9000
Pema’s father bought two identical pizzas A and B during her
birthday. Pizza A was divided into 5 equal parts and Pizza B was
divided in to 4 equal parts. Of 5 equal parts of pizza A, 3 were
finished eating and of 4 equal parts of pizza B, 3 were finished
eating. If Pema now combines the remaining parts of pizza A and B,
what fraction of one pizza would be formed?
 HW
Tashi is making a Thugpa in the
mroning on a Losar. He also wants to
make a tea. He needs 8/9 glass of
water for Thugpa and 2/5 glass of
water for tea. He has ½ glass of
water. How much extra water is
needed by him?
A. 4/5
B. 3/7
C. 8/9
D. None of the
above
PROFIT & LOSS
HOW BUSINESS
WORKS
Shops buy goods from suppliers
at

COST PRICE:
€40
Cummins Sports then sell the good to the
consumer at a higher price. This is known as
the selling price.

Profit = SP - CP
Sonam buys mangoes at the rate of
Rs 21 for 3 kg and sells them at Rs
50 for 5 kg . To earn Rs 102 as profit,
he must sell…...

a.26 kg
b.34 kg
c.56 kg
d.32 kg
 PERCENTAGE
PROFIT & LOSS
PERCENTAGE PROFIT (OR LOSS)
=
2. Dorji buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700
and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he
sells the scooter for Rs. 5800, his gain
percent is approximately:

a.
4.57%
b.
5.45%
c. 10%
d. 12%
3. Sam purchased 20 dozens of toys at the
rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each
one of them at the rate of Rs. 33. What
was his percentage profit?

a.
3.5
b.
4.5
c.
5.6
d.
6.5
4. If a man were to sell his chair for Nu.
720, he would lose 25%. To gain 25%,
he has to sell it for?

a.
Nu.1,200
b. Nu.
1,000
c. Nu.
960
d. Nu.
900
A shopkeeper buys chewing gums
from a wholesale dealer at Nu. 1 for
five pieces. Then he sells it to the
customers at Nu. 1 for four pieces.
What is his profit percent? (PE
2018)
A. 35%
B. 30%
C. 25%
D. 20%
A shopkeeper increases the price of
homemade chilli pickle by 15%. She
further increases the new price by
another 15%. Which of the following is
the equivalent price increases form the
original price?
A. 32.25%
B. 30.00%
C. 33.15%
D. 31.50%
 SESSION IV: Probability,
Permutations, Combinations
The factorial of a number is the product of
all the whole numbers from the number down
to 1. The factorial of 0 is defined to be 1.

5! = 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1
Reading Math
Read 5! as “five factorial.”
In how many different ways can you arrange two of the
three circles above?
 Permutations
(arrangement, order)
A Permutation is an arrangement
of items in a particular order.

ORDER
Notice,
MATTERS!
To find the number of Permutations
of n items, we can use the
Fundamental Counting Principle or
factorial notation.
Remember!
By definition, 0! = 1.
 Additional Example 2A: Finding Permutations

Jim has 6 different books.

Find the number of orders in which

the 6 books can be arranged on a
shelf.

The number of books is 6.

6! 6!
P = (6 – 6)! = 0! = 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1 = 720
6 6
1
The books
are 6 at a time.
arranged
There are 720 permutations. This means there
are 720 orders in which the 6 books can be
a©rSrOaNnAMgDe-
dBCoSEnPEtThUeTIOsNhS elf.
 Additional Example 2B: Finding Permutations

If the shelf has room for only 3 of the books,

find the number of ways 3 of the 6 books can
be arranged.

The number of books is 6.

6 P3 = (6 – 6!
3)! = 6!
= 6•5•4•3•2•1 = 6•5•4
3•2•1
3!
arranged 3 at a time. = 120
The books are
There are 120 permutations. This means that 3 of
the 6 books can be arranged in 120 ways.
 Check It Out: Example 2A
There are 7 soup cans in the pantry.

Find the number of orders in which all 7

soup cans can be arranged on a shelf.

The number of cans is 7.

7! 7!
7 P7 = (7 – 7)! = 0! = 7 • 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1 = 5040
1
The cans are arranged
7 at a time.

There are 5040 orders in which to arrange 7

soup cans.
 Check It Out: Example 2B
There are 7 soup cans in the pantry.
If the shelf has only enough room for 4 cans,
find the number of ways 4 of the 7 cans can be
arranged.

The number of cans is 7.

7! 7!
7•6•5•4•3•2•1
7 P4 = = =
(7 – 4)! 3•2•1
The cans are arranged
3! a time.
4 at = 7 • 6 • 5 • 4 = 840

There are 840 permutations. This means that the 7

cans can be arranged in the 4 spaces in 840 ways.
 Permutation
s
Practice:
From a club of 24 members, a
President, Vice President,
Secretary, Treasurer and Historian
are to be elected. In how many
ways can the offices be filled?

Answer Now
 Permutation
•Practice: s
• From a club of 24 members, a
President, Vice President, Secretary,
Treasurer and Historian are to be
elected. In how many ways can
the offices be filled?

p 24!
24 
5 
© SONA 2 4 * 2 324!
M D- *
BC 2 2 * 21* 20 
SE PE TU T ION S
A combination is a selection of things
in any order.
 Combinations
(Choose)
A Combination is an
arrangement of items in
which order does not matter.

ORDER DOES NOT

MATTER!
In how many different ways can you pick two of the three
circles above?
 Combinatio
ns
Practice:

A student must answer 3 out

of 5 essay questions on a test.
In how many different ways
can the student select the
questions?
Answer Now
 Combinatio
ns
Practic A student must answer 3 out
e: of 5 essay questions on a test.
In how many different ways
can the student select the
questions?
C3 5! 5! 5* 4
5  

 10
3!(5  3)! 3!2! 2*1
 Additional Example 3A: Finding Combinations
Mary wants to join a book club that offers
a choice of 10 new books each month.
If Mary wants to buy 2 books, find the number
of different pairs she can buy.
10 possible books

10! 10!
10C2 = 2!(10 – 2)! = 2!8!
2 books chosen at a time
10 • 9 • 8 • 7 • 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1 = 45
= (2 • 1)(8 • 7 • 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1)
There are 45 combinations. This means that
Mar©y ScOaNAnMDb-uByCSE4P5ETdUTifOI feNSrent pairs of
 Additional Example 3B: Finding Combinations

If Mary wants to buy 7 books, find the number of

different sets of 7 books she can buy.
10 possible books

10! 10!
C
10 7 = 7!(10 – 7)! = 7!3!

7 books chosen at a time

= 10 • 9 • 8 • 7 • 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1 = 120
(7 • 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1)(3 • 2 • 1)

There are 120 combinations. This means that

Mary can buy 120 different sets of 7 books.
⚫ From a group of 7 men and 6 women, five
persons are to be selected to form a committee
so that at least 3 men are there on the
committee. In how many ways can it be done?
3 men and 2 women = 7C3 x 6C2 = 35 x 15 = 525
A. 564
4 men and 1 woman = 7C4 x 6C1 = 35 x 6 = 210
5 men = 7C5 = 21
B. 645
C. 735
Total ways = 525 + 210 + 21 = 756
D. 756
⚫ In how many different ways can the
letters of the word 'CORPORATION' be
arranged so that the vowels always
come together?
Vowels = OOAIO
Consonants = CRPRTN

Repetitions
O=3
R=2
Arrangements = x = 50,400 ways
How many 3-digit numbers can be formed from the
digits 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9, which are divisible by 5 and
none of the digits is repeated?
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
PROBABILITY
Basic Properties of Probabilities

•Property 1: The probability of an event is always between 0 and 1, inclusive.

•Property 2: The probability of an event that cannot occur is 0. (An event

that cannot occur is called an impossible event.)

•Property 3: The probability of an event that must occur is 1. (An event that
must occur is called a certain event.)
Frequency distribution for students’
ages
Frequency distribution for students’
ages

1. What is the likelihood of randomly selecting a student who

is older than 20 but less than 22?
2. What is the likelihood of selecting a student who’s age is an
odd number?
3. What is the likelihood of selecting a student who is either 21
or 23?

Total students = 1 + 1 + 9 + 7 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 40
1) 7/40; 2) 21/40; 3) 1/4
EXAMPLE
S ⚫ Tossing a coin
1. S = [H,T]

⚫ Tossing two coins

1. S= [HH,HT,TH,TT]

⚫ Rolling a dice
1. S = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

⚫ Pack of playing cards

1. n(S) = 52
2. 13 cards each – spades, clubs, hearts & diamonds
3. Spades and clubs are black
4. Hearts and diamonds are red
Sample space for rolling a die once
What is the probability of rolling an
even number on a 6 face die?

1/2
Possible outcomes for rolling a pair
of dice (6^2 = 36)
Probabilities of 2 throws of the die
⚫ What is the probability of a 1 and a 2/36
3? 1/36
⚫ What is the probability of two
sixes? 11/36

⚫ What is the probability of at least

one 3?
1. In a throw of a coin, find the probability of getting a
head.

⚫Tossing a coin
1. S = [H,T]

P(H) = 1/2
2. Two unbiased coins are tossed. What is
the probability of getting at most one head?

⚫ Tossing two coins

1. S= [HH,HT,TH,TT]

P(at most one H) = 3/4

3. An unbiased dice is tossed. Find the probability of
getting a multiple of 3.

⚫ Rolling a dice
1. S = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
E= [3,6]
P(E) = 2/6 = 1/3
3. A bag contains 6 white balls and 4 black
balls. Two balls are drawn at random. Find the
probability that they are of same color.

Same color = both white or both black

=
=
⚫ A basket contains 55 [Link] apples are red
and
green in colour. 20 apples are green in colour. If Sonam
randomly picks an apple, what is the probability that
she picks a red apple? (PE 2013)

A. 20/55
B. 35/55
C. 20/35
D. 35/20
⚫ Ifyou roll a fair-sided die twice, what is the probability
of getting a double? (PE 2013)

A. 1/3
B. 1/6
C. 1/12
D. 1/24
⚫ At a GNH conference, 7 members shook hands with
each other before and after the meeting. How
many total number of handshakes occurred? (PE
2014)
A. 42
B. 43
C. 14
D. 7
In a class, there are 5 students from Paro
Dzongkhag, 4 from Trashigang, 6 from
Thimphu and 3 from [Link] is the
probability that if you pick 2 students, they are
NOT from Lhuntse Dzongkhag? (Teacher
Aptitude 2015)
⚫ A. 1/9
⚫ B. 0
⚫ C. 1
⚫ D. Can not be determined
 WORK & TIME

WORK &
WORK &
TIME
⚫ Formula: If A can do a piece of work in n
days, then A's 1 day's work = 1/n

⚫ Formula: If A's 1 day's work = 1/n , then

A can finish the work in n days.
A can do a work in 15 days and B in 20 days. If they work
on it together for 4 days, then the fraction of the work that
is left is :
A. 1/4 Work A does in 4 days = 4/15
B. 1/10 Work B does in 4 days = 4/20
C. 7/15
Total work = (4/15) + (4/20) = 7/15
D. 8/15

Work left = 1 – 7/15 = 8/15

HW
Thinley can finish the work in 5 days and Sangay can finish
the same work in 10 days. If they work together for 2
days, what fraction of work is still remaining? (Past
Question)

⚫ A. 3/5
Work done = (2/5) + (2/10)
⚫ B. 1/5
= 3/5
⚫ C. 4/5
⚫ D. 2/5 Work left = 1 – (3/5) = 2/5
Sonam can do a piece of work in 25 days and Pema can
finish it in 20 [Link] work together for 5 days and the
Sonam goes away. In how many days will Pema finish the
remaining works?

⚫ A. 12 days Work done in 5 days = (5/25) + (5/20) = 9/20

⚫ B. 10 days Work left = 11/20
Pema’s work in one day = 1/20
⚫ C. 11 days
⚫ D. 17 days Pema will take 11 days to finish 11/20 work
 Additional sample
questions
1. If 10 men takes 5 days to dig a hole.
How long will 2 men take to do the
same work?

10 x 5 = 2d
d = 50/2 = 25 days
HW
Dawa signs a contract with his employer to work for a
month (30 days) and will be paid Nu.200 per day for
those days he worked. However, if he is absent, his
employer will deduct Nu.20 per absent day as the
penalty. At the end of the month, if he earns Nu.
4900, how many days was Dawa absent from his
work? (Past Question)
Let d = number of days he worked
a = number of days he was absent
⚫ A. 6 days
⚫ B. 5 days 200d – 20a = 4900
⚫ C. 4 days
d + a = 30
⚫ D. 7 days
HW
Dorji can paint a wall in 3 days and Tshomo can paint
the same wall in 6 days. If they paint the wall together
for 1 and
½ days, what fraction of the wall still requires
painting? (PE 2018)
Wall painted = (1/3) + (1/6) + (1/6) + (1/12)
= 9/12
A. ¾ = 3/4

B. ¼ Wall left to paint = 1 – (3/4) = 1/4

C. 2/3

D. ½
SPEED - DISTANCE - TIME
WHAT IS
SPEED?
How far you travel in a certain
time Speed = Distance ÷
Time
We call the result “the average

s
speed”

d t
DTS TRIANGLE
You have seen this
in Science?

d
s x t
We can use this to find any one thing
IF we know the other two!

By covering up what you want

d
A TRAIN TRAVELS 120 MILES IN 2 HOURS
WHAT IS ITS AVERAGE SPEED?

s = 120 ÷ Speed = d
2s = 60 mph
t

d
MUST give
UNITS

MILES per HOUR

s x t
A runner’s average speed is 8m/s, how far
does he run in 25 seconds ?

d = 8 x 25 Distance =s x t
d = 200 metres

d
MUST give
UNITS

Because speed was in

METRES per
second
s x t
A bus leaves Thimphu, travels 150km to Paro
at an average speed of 60km/h. How long did
the journey take?

t = 150 ÷ Tim =d
60
t = 2.5 hours e s

d
MUST give
UNITS

Because speed was in km

per HOUR
s x t
CAR TRAVELS 40KM IN 20 MINUTES.
WHAT IS ITS AVERAGE SPEED IN KPH?

s = 40 ÷ Speed = d
1/3
t
s = 120kph
d
s x t
The 3 formulas for Speed, Time & Distance:

Distance Distance
Speed = Time = Distance =Speed x Time
Speed
Time

Solving for Solving for Solving for

Speed Time Distance

Remember them from D

this triangle: S T
A salesman travelled at an average
speed of 50 km/h for 2 hours 30
mins. How far did he travel?

D
Distance = Speed x
Time S T

= 50 x 2 hour 30
2•5 mins
= 125 km

Answer: He travelled 125

km
A train travelled 555 miles at an average
speed of 60 mph. How long did the journey
take?

D
Distance
Time = Speed S T

=
55
5
60

=
9•25
If an object travels five feet
in a second, how many
feet will it travel in 1 hour?
(PE 2013)
A. 60
B. 300
C. 1800
D. 18000
Two cars leave Semtokha at 8 am. one
travels to Bumthang and other to
Samtse. Bumthang bound car travels
at a speed of 40 km/h and other at
50km/hr. They will be 360km road
distance away from each other at.
(PAST QUESTION)
A. 4 am
B.12 noon
C. 2 pm
D. 4 pm.
The distance between two cities A & B is
80 km. A motorcycle rider starts from A
towards B at 7am at a speed of 10
km/hr. Another motorcycle starts from B
to A at 8 am at a speed of 25km/hr. At
what time they will cross each other?
A.10 am
B.12 am
C.1 pm
D.8 am.
A student runs 1 Km/minute
to his school. Which is 10
Km away. How much time
he need to reach his
school.
A 15 minutes
B 13 minutes
C 10 minutes
D 16 minutes
AGE RELATED
QUESTIONS
The sum of ages of 5 children born at
the intervals of 3 years each is 50
years. What is the age of the
youngest child?
Let youngest childs’ age = x

Sum of all children

x + (x+3) + (x+3*2) + (x+ 3*3) + (x*3*4) =
50
5x + 30 = 50
5x = 50 – 30
X = 20/5 = 4
Youngest child is 4 years old
HW
A is two years older than B who is
twice as old as C. If the total of the
ages of A, B and C be 27, the how old
is B? Let B’s age = x
A=B+2
B = 2C then, C= B/2 = 0.5B

A + B + C = 27
B + 2 + B + 0.5B = 27
2.5B + 2 = 27
2.5 B = 27 – 2
B = 25/2.5
B = 10 years old
Ten years ago A was half of B in age. If
the ratio of their present ages is 3 : 4,
what will be the total of their present
ages.

a.8yrs
b.20yrs
c.30yrs
d.35yrs
HW
C is 4 years older than B but 2 years
younger than A, while B and D are twins.
By how many years is A older than D?
(Teacher Aptitude Test 2014)
C=4+B then, B = C – 4 = D
A.4 years C= A – 2 then, A = C + 2
B=D
B.6 years
A – D = (C+2) – (C - 4)
C.2 years =C+2–C+4
D.1 year =2+4
= 6 years
A father says to his son, “I am 20 years
older than you. After five years, I will be
three times your age.” What is the
father’s present age? (Teacher Aptitude
2014)
Let
A.30 years Son’s age = S
Father’s age = F
B.25 years F = S + 20
S = F - 20
C.40 years (F + 5) = 3 (S+55)
F + 5 = 3 (F – 20 + 5)
D.35 years F + 5 = 3 (F - 15)
F + 5 = 3F – 45
5 + 45 = 3F – F
50 = 2F
F = 50/2 = 25
F = 25
GEOMETR
Y
 BASIC TERMS & Definitions
A ray starts at a point (called the endpoint) and extends
indefinitely in one direction.

A AB
B
• A line segment is part of a line and has
two endpoints.

A B AB
An angle is formed by two rays with the same
endpoint.

sid
e

verte sid
x e
• An angle is measured in degrees. The
angle formed by a circle has a measure of
360 degrees.
A right angle has a measure of 90
degrees.

• A straight angle has a measure of 180

degrees.
POLYGONS
# of name of
sides Polygon
3 triangle
4 quadrilater
5 al
6 pentagon
7 hexagon
8 heptagon
9 octagon
1 nonagon
0 decagon
Quadrilaterals
A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with at least one
pair of parallel sides.
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both
pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
A kite is a quadrilateral in which two pairs of
adjacent sides are congruent.
A rhombus is a quadrilateral in which all
sides are congruent.
A rectangle is a quadrilateral in which all
angles are congruent (90 degrees)
A square is a quadrilateral in which all four
sides are congruent and all four angles are
congruent.
 FROM GENERAL TO SPECIFIC

Quadrilater
al
trapezoi
kit
d
e
specific
More

parallelogra
m
rhombu
s

rectangle

square
 PERIMETER AND AREA
The perimeter of a plane geometric figure is a measure of the
distance around the figure.
The area of a plane geometric figure is the amount of
surface in a region.

are
a
perimet
er
 TRIANGLE
a c
h

b
The height of a triangle is
measured perpendicular
Perimeter = a + b to the base.
+c
1
Area = bh
2
EX: WHAT IS THE PERIMETER
OF A TRIANGLE WITH SIDES
OF LENGTHS 1.5 CM, 3.4 CM,
AND 2.7 CM?
1.
5
2.
7
Perimeter = a + b
+c
3.
4
= 1.5 + 2.7 +
3.4
= 7.6 units
 RECTANGLE AND SQUARE
s
w

Perimeter = 2w + Perimeter =
2l 4s
Area = = 2 (w + Area =
l)lw s2
 PARALLELOGRAM
a h

Perimeter = 2a +
2b
Area =  Area of a
hb parallelogram
= area of rectangle
with width = h and
length = b
 PARALLELOGRAM
a h

Perimeter = 2a +
2b
Area =  Area of a
hb parallelogram
= area of rectangle
with width = h and
length = b
 TRAPEZOID
b
a

c h d

b a

Perimeter = a + b + c + d
1
Area = 2 h(a + b)

 Parallelogram with base (a + b) and

height = h with area = h(a + b)
 But the trapezoid is half the parallelgram
EX: NAME THE POLYGON


hexagon


pentagon
EX: The perimeter of a
regular pentagon is 35
inches. What is the length of
each side?
s
Recall: a regular
polygon is one with
congruent sides.
Perimeter = 5s
35 = 5s
s = 7 inches
EX: The width of a
rectangle is 12 ft. If the area
is 312 what is the length of
the rectangle?

312
Area = (Length)
1
2
(width) Let L =
L
Length
312 = (L)(12)
L = 26 ft

Check: Area = (Length)(width) = (12)(26) =

312
 CIRCLE
r

A circle is a plane figure in which all

points are equidistance from the center.
The radius, r, is a line segment from the
center of the circle to any point on the
circle.
The diameter, d, is the line segment
across the circle through the center.
d = 2r
The circumference, C, of a circle is the
distance around the circle. C = 2r
The area of a circle is A = r2.
FIND THE CIRCUMFERENCE

C = 2r
1.5
cm C = 2(1.5)
C = 3 cm
C = 9.42 cm
FIND THE AREA OF
THE
CIRCLE
The area of a circle is A =
r2
d=2r
8=
8 2r
in
4=r
A = r2
A = 2
A = 16 sq. in.
A = 50.21 sq. in.
The length of a tennis court is 6
feet more than twice its width. If
the court is 36 feet wide, what is
its perimeter? (Teacher Aptitude
2015)
A.132 feet
B.208 feet
C.216 feet
D.228 feet
12 litres of water are poured into an
aquarium of dimensions 50cm length,
30cm breadth, and 40cm height. How
high (in cm) will the water rise? (1 litre =
1000cm 3 ). (Teacher Aptitude 2015)

A.6
B.8
C.10
D.20
Mr. Gado is a farmer and has a horse.
One day he plans to go to local festival
and his horse is tied with a rope in a field.
If it grazes an area of 154 sq.m. Find the
length of the rope that Mr Gado used to
tie his horse. (RCS MOCK 2020)
A.7m
B.14m
C.49m
[Link] of the
above
Sum of all angles in a triangle is 180 degrees

X = 24 degrees
For an isosceles triangle ABC, which of the following
statement(s) is/are sufficient to calculate the angle of A?
(PE,2018)
Statement (I): Angle C is 120
degrees Statement (II): Angle B
is 40 degrees
[Link] (I) alone is sufficient
[Link] (II) alone is
sufficient
[Link] (I)and (II) together
are sufficient
 51 42

A = 180 – 51 – 42 = 87 degrees
 22

11

A = (30 x 15) – (22 x 11) = 208 sq cm

 12 cm

5 cm

Area = (20 x 10) + (5 x 8) +

= 270 sq. cm
46 46
72
Area of each square = 432/12 = 36
Side of square = 6

L = 6 x 4 = 24
W = 6 x 3 = 18
Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (18 +24) = 84
cm
CALENDAR
DAYS NEETU ACHARYA

NIDUP JAMTSHO TUTOR

PROBLEM SOLVING
 WHAT
DAY
WERE
YOU
BORN?
•WHAT DAY WAS 25TH
APRIL 1993?
 LEAP YEAR
• EVERY YEAR DIVISIBLE BY 4 IS A LEAP YEAR, IF IT IS NOT A CENTURY.
• EVERY 4TH CENTURY IS A LEAP YEAR AND NO
OTHER CENTURY IS A LEAP YEAR.
• NOTE: A LEAP YEAR HAS 366 DAYS
 ODD DAYS

• WE ARE SUPPOSED TO FIND THE DAY OF

THE WEEK ON A GIVEN DATE.
• FOR THIS, WE USE THE CONCEPT OF 'ODD
DAYS'.
• ODD DAYS – EXTRA/REMAINDER DAYS
FROM A WEEK (WHEN DIVIDED BY 7)
 HOW MANY ODD DAYS ARE THERE IN
JANUARY?

a)1
b)2
c) 3
d)4
 ODD DAYS IN ORDINARY YEARS
1 ordinary
year
= 365 days
= 52 x 7 + 1
= (52 weeks + 1 day.)
1 ordinary year has 1 odd
day.
1 leap ODD DAYS IN LEAP YEAR
year
= 366
= 52 x 7 + 2
days
= (52 weeks + 2 days)
1 leap year has 2 odd
days.
HOW MANY ODD DAYS ARE THERE IN 100 YEARS?
100 years
= 76 ordinary years + 24 leap
years
= (76 x 1 + 24 x 2) odd days
= 124 odd days.
= (17 weeks + 5 days)
Number of odd days in 100
years = 5.
200 years = (5 x 2)+ 3 odd days.
300 years = (5 x 3) + 1 odd day.
400 years = (5 x 4 + 1) 0 odd day.

Similarly, each one of 800 years, 1200

years, 1600 years, 2000 years etc. has 0
odd days

* Leap century year has 0 odd days

 WHAT WAS THE DAY OF THE WEEK ON
28TH MAY, 2006?

• THURSDAY
• FRIDAY
• SATURDAY
• SUNDAY
 IT WAS SUNDAY ON JAN 1, 2006. WHAT
WAS THE DAY OF THE WEEK JAN
1, 2010?

• SUNDAY
• SATURDAY
• FRIDAY
• WEDNESDAY
SIMPLE
INTEREST
A= P
+ I
 WHAT IS THE AMOUNT DUE ON A SUM
OF NU.20,000 BORROWED FOR 3
MONTHS 14% PER ANNUM
a) NU.
70,000
b)NU. 700
c)NU.
20,700
d)NU.
90,000
A SUM OF MONEY AT SIMPLE INTEREST
AMOUNTS TO RS. 815 IN 3 YEARS AND
TO RS. 854 IN 4 YEARS. THE SUM IS:

a) RS.
650
b) RS.
690
c) RS.
698
d) RS.
700
MR. THOMAS INVESTED AN AMOUNT OF RS. 13,900 DIVIDED IN TWO DIFFERENT
SCHEMES A AND B AT THE SIMPLE INTEREST RATE OF 14% P.A. AND 11% P.A.
RESPECTIVELY. IF THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF SIMPLE INTEREST EARNED IN 2 YEARS
BE RS. 3508, WHAT WAS THE AMOUNT INVESTED IN SCHEME B?
• RS. 6400
• RS. 6500
• RS. 7200
• RS. 7500
• NONE OF THESE