SPLENDID SCIENCE—CLASS 5
Chapter 2—TYPES OF ANIMALS
Section 2.1
What are invertebrates?
Section 2.2
What are vertebrates?
SPLENDID SCIENCE—CLASS 5
CLASS 5---Chapter 2— TYPES OF ANIMALS
There are many animals around us. To learn about animals we
can divide them in many ways.
They can be divided on the basis of type of
backbone.
• Animals without a backbone are called as
invertebrates.
• Animals with a backbone are called as
vertebrates.
Let’s learn about invertebrates and vertebrates in detail.
Section 2.1: What are invertebrates?
Animals that do not have a backbone are called invertebrates.
Animals such as insects, spiders, crabs, jellyfish,
starfish, worms and snails are grouped together
as they do not have a backbone.
Section 2.1: What are invertebrates?
Many invertebrates live in and around water or on land.
Starfish and jellyfish live underwater. Worms and insects live on
land.
Many of these animals have special ways to breathe and move.
Section 2.1: What are invertebrates?
Breathing in some invertebrates
• Insects breathe through tiny holes called
spiracles present along the side of their body.
• Animals such as earthworms do not have any
special breathing organ. They breathe through
the surface of their skin.
Section 2.1: What are invertebrates?
Movement in some invertebrates
• Animals such as crabs and spiders
use their legs to move.
• Worms such as earthworms have a
body made up of segments which
contract (come close together) and
expand (move apart) to help them
move.
• Many insects can fly because they
have wings. All insects have three
pairs of legs that they use to walk,
run, crawl or hop.
Section 2.1: What are invertebrates?
Section Review 1
Who am I? Look at the pictures and write my name.
Spider Grasshopper Dragon
Section 2.2: What are vertebrates?
Animals such as fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals are groups of animals
that have a backbone. Animals that have a backbone are called vertebrates.
Fish are animals with a backbone that live
in water. Different types of fish live in rivers,
lakes, ponds and oceans.
Fish have scales, fins and gills. Fins help fish
to swim. Gills help them to breathe
underwater.
Sharks, tunas, trouts and goldfish are
examples of fishes.
Section 2.2: What are vertebrates?
Birds are animals with a backbone that have feathers, wings, and that lay eggs.
Most birds can fly. Some birds such as ostriches
and emus cannot fly.
Sparrows, eagles, crows and emus are
examples of birds.
Amphibians are animals with a backbone that
can live in water as well as on land.
They do not have scales, feathers or hair on
their bodies.
Frogs and toads are examples of amphibians.
Section 2.2: What are vertebrates?
Reptiles are animals with a backbone that mainly live on land.
Some reptiles such as crocodiles live on land as
well as in water. The bodies of reptiles are
generally covered with hard and dry scales.
Crocodiles and snakes are examples of reptiles.
Mammals are vertebrates that feed their young
ones with milk.
Most mammals give birth to young ones. The
bodies of mammals are generally covered with
hair or fur.
Cats, cows, elephants, bats, whales and dogs
are examples of mammals. We humans are
mammals too.
Section 2.2: What are vertebrates?
Breathing in some vertebrates
Fish breathe through gills. A fish takes in water
through the mouth. The water passes out of the
gills. Oxygen is absorbed into the blood vessels
in the gills and sent to all parts of the body.
Amphibians such as frogs breathe through
their moist skin, when in water. They breathe
through lungs when on land.
Reptiles and birds breathe through their lungs.
Mammals breathe through their lungs. The oxygen in air is breathed in through the nose and
Carbon dioxide is breathed out from the lungs.
Section 2.2: What are vertebrates?
Movement in some vertebrates
Fish have fins and a powerful tail to move in
water. When in water, amphibians such as
frogs use their webbed feet to swim. When on
land, they use their legs to hop from one place
to the other.
Reptiles such as lizards and crocodiles use their
four short limbs to crawl on the ground. A snake
does not have limbs. It uses its body muscles
and scales to move. Turtles and tortoises have
feet, shaped like paddles.
Section 2.2: What are vertebrates?
Movement in some vertebrates
Birds havehave
Mammals wings to fly.
legs thatThey
help have
themtwo legswalk,
to run, with hop,
whichjump,
they crawl
can walk
andor
perform many
hop about
such on the ground. Some birds such as emu, ostrich and kiwi
movements.
cannot fly at all.
Flightless birds such as
ostriches have strong legs
that help them run very
fast on ground. Birds such
as penguins use strong
flippers to swim, and they
use their hind legs to walk
on land.
Section 2.2: What are vertebrates?
Section
Who am I?2Write my name and the group of animals that I am a part of.
Review
Turtle Lizard Whale
Reptile Reptile Mammals
CLASS 5---Chapter 2— TYPES OF ANIMALS
Chapter
Fill in the blanks.
Review
(a) Insects breathe through tiny holes called ………………..
(b) Animals with a backbone that live in water are called . …………………
(c) Reptiles breathe through their ……………….
(d) Whales breathe through their …………………
Ans: (a) Spiracles (b) Fishes (c) lungs
(d) gills