LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this chapter, the student should
be able to:
Define key terms related to the database
environment;
Discuss concepts of a database and the
database management system
Explain role of databases in general
(business, education, etc)
Data Vs. Information
▪ Data: facts, text, graphics, ▪ Information: Data processed to
images, sound, video segments be useful in decision making;
actionable
Components of the Database Environment
CASE Tools – computer-aided User Interface – text and
software engineering graphical displays to users
Repository – centralized Data Administrators –
storehouse of metadata personnel responsible for
Database Management System maintaining the database
(DBMS) – software for managing System Developers –
the database personnel responsible for
Database – storehouse of the designing databases and
data software
Application Programs – End Users – people who use
software using the data the applications and databases
THE DATABASE
Central repository of shared data
Data is managed by a controlling agent
Stored in a standardized, convenient form
Requires a Database Management
System (DBMS)
Database Management System (DBMS)
is a collection of programs that enables
users to create and maintain a database;
a general-purpose software system that
facilitates the processes of defining,
constructing,manipulating, and sharing
databases among various users and
applications
METADATA
Descriptions of the properties Traditional File Processing
or characteristics of the data, File processing system where
including data types, field sizes, data are stored for each
allowable values, and individual application in an
documentation organization.
The metadata is stored in a Each department or area
repository within an organization has its
own set of files, often creating
data redundancy and data
isolation.
There is no overall map, plan,
or model guided application
growth.
Example of an
old file
processing
system :
Pine Valley
Furniture
Company
Disadvantages of Traditional File Processing
The Database Approach
An approach where data are
logically stored in databases,
managed by a database
management system.
A database is designed using
data models which define the
nature and relationships among
data.
The effectiveness and
efficiency of a database is
directly associated with the
structure of the database
Advantages of the Database Approach
▪ Planned data redundancy
o Minimal data duplication
o Improved data consistency
▪ Program data independence
o Allows data to evolve without
changing the application programs
o Reduced program maintenance
▪ Improved data sharing
▪ Increased productivity of application
development
▪ Enforcement of standards
▪ Improved data quality
▪ Improved data accessibility and
responsiveness
▪ Improved decision support
Thank
You!