Number System

Types of Numbers

• Integers: All numbers whose fractional part is 0 (zero), like -3, -2, 1, 0, 10, and
100, are integers.
• Natural Numbers: Counting numbers like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ... Basically, all integers
greater than 0 are natural numbers.
• Whole Numbers: All natural numbers and 0 (zero) are whole numbers.
• Prime Numbers: All numbers having only two distinct factors, the number itself
and 1, are called prime numbers. Some prime numbers are 2, 3, 53, 67, and 191.
• Composite Number: All numbers greater than 1 that are NOT prime are
composite numbers. Some composite numbers are 4, 60, 91, and 100.
Important notes & facts of
Prime Number
• Smallest 2 digit prime number -> 11 • Prime number from 1-25 -> 9
• Largest 2 digit prime number -> 97 • Prime number from 25-50 -> 6
• Smallest 3 digit prime number -> 101
• Prime number from 50-75 ->6
• Largest 3 digit prime number ->997
• Smallest 4 digit prime number -> 1009 • Prime number from 75 -100 ->4
• Largest 4 digit prime number -> 9973 • Prime number from 1- 100 ->9

• Twin prime number :- the difference

between two prime numbers is 2 and
they both are prime numbers.
• Ex (3,5) ,(11,13),(17,19),(29,31)
• Coprime : Two numbers 'a' and • Perfect Number : A perfect
'b' are called co-prime if their number is a number that is
highest common factor (HCF) is equal to the sum of all its proper
1. divisors (divisors excluding the
• Ex – (2,5) ,(3,7),(9,40) number itself).
• Ex – factor 0f 6 are (1,2,3)
And sum of factors i.e 1+2+3 =6
Then we can say that the given
number is perfect number.
Divisibility Rules
Rule Example
Divisibility by Number

Divisibility By 2 The last digit should be even. 124 last digit is 4( even), so it is
divisible by 2.

Divisibility By 3 The sum of its digits should be 12321 divisible by 3 because 1 + 2 +

divisible by 3. 3 + 2 + 1 = 9 and 9 is divisible by 3.

Divisibility By 4 The last two digits should be 1228 is divisible by 4 as the last two
divisible by 4. digits 32 are divisible by 4.

Divisibility By 5 The last digit is either 0 or 5.

55 last digit is 5, so 5 is divisible by
5
Divisibility Rules
Divisibility by Number Rule Example

Divisibility By 6 The number should be divisible by 114 is divisible by 6 as it is divisible

both 2 and 3. by both 2 and 3:
2(the last digit is 4)
3 (1 + 1 + 4 = 6, 6 is divisible by 3).

Divisibility By 7 Remove last digit from the number 196 is divisible by 7

then Double the last digit, subtract Remove the last digit, we get 19.
it from the rest of the number, and Double the last digit: 12
if the result is divisible by 7, the Subtract it from the rest of the
number is divisible by 7. number: 19 - 12 = 7
After subtracting 12 (double of
removed digit), we get 7.
Since the last left digit is 7, number
is multiple of 7
Divisibility Rules

Divisibility by Number Rule Example

Divisibility By 8 The last three digits should be 1232 is divisible by 8 as the last
divisible by 8. three digits 232 is divisible by 8.

Divisibility By 9 The sum of its digits is divisible by 12321 is divisible by 3 because 1 + 2

9. + 3 + 2 + 1 = 9 and 9 is divisible by
9.
Divisibility By 11 The difference between the sum of 121 is divisible by 11 as
numbers at even positions and odd The sum of odd position 1 + 1 = 2
positions is either 0 or a multiple of and
11. The sum of even position 2 as we
Find the difference 2 - 2 = 0. which
is divisible by 11.
Questions on Divisibility
• Which of the following numbers is divisible by 9?
a) 234 b) 315 c) 423 d) 729

• Which of the following numbers is divisible by 6?

a) 120 b) 245 c) 315 d) 410

• Which of these numbers is divisible by 11?

a) 121 b) 341 c) 506 d) 902
Reminder facts
Remainder Rule Example
• If the last digit is odd, the 37 → the last digit is 7 (odd), so
Remainder when Dividing by 2 remainder is 1.
remainder = 1 when divided by 2.
• If it's even, the remainder is 0.
Sum the digits of the number. Find
23 → Sum of digits 2 + 3 = 5. 5 ÷ 3 =
Remainder when Dividing by 3 the remainder of this sum when
2. So, remainder = 2.
divided by 3.
Take the last two digits of the
123 → Take the last two digits 23.
number, divide them by 4, and the
Remainder when Dividing by 4 23 ÷ 4 = 5 with remainder 3. So,
remainder is the remainder of the
remainder = 3.
original number.
32 → The last digit is 2. 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4
Divide the last digit of the number
Remainder when Dividing by 5 with remainder = 2. So, remainder
by 5 to get the remainder.
= 2.
Reminder facts
Remainder Rule Example
Apply both the remainder rules for
35 → Remainder when divided by 2
2 and 3.
is 1 (odd number), and remainder
Remainder when Dividing by 6 • If both are 0, the remainder is 0. when divided by 3 is 2. So, the
• Otherwise, you have to calculate remainder is 5 when divided by 6.
accordingly.
• Break the number into groups of
three and calculate modulo 7 for
each.
198 → 1*10^2+ 9*10^1+8*10^0
For larger numbers:
1*2+9*3+8*1
Remainder when Dividing by 7 • Take the alternating sum of the =37
remainder.
37÷7=5 with remainder = 2.
• Then Find the modulo 7 of the
alternating sum to get the final
result.
Reminder facts
Remainder Rule Example
Take the last three digits, divide by 1,476 → Take the last three digits
Remainder when Dividing by 8 8, and the remainder is the 476. 476 ÷ 8 gives the remainder 4.
remainder of the original number. So, remainder = 4.
Sum the digits of the number. The
1234 → Sum of digits 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 =
remainder when this sum is divided
Remainder when Dividing by 9 10. 10 ÷ 9 = 1 remainder. So,
by 9 is the remainder of the original
remainder = 1.
number.
LCM & HCF
• HCF is the Highest Common Factor, which can be calculated for two or
more numbers. It is denoted by HCF(a, b), where "a" and "b" are the
numbers for which we want to find the highest common factor.
• Ex : HCF of 6 and 18.
Divisors of 6 = 1, 2, 3, 6
Divisors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
HCF = greatest common divisor
HCF = 6
• LCM can be seen in two or more numbers. It is denoted by LCM(a, b),
where "a" and "b" are the numbers for which we want to find the
least common multiple.
• Ex : LCM of 6 and 18.
Multiple of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, …
Multiple of 18 = 18, 36, 54, …
LCM = first common multiple (least common multiple)
LCM = 18
Formula
• (LCM of two numbers) × (HCF of two numbers) = Product of two
numbers
Questions on HCF & LCM
• Find the HCF of 36 and 48.
a) 6 b) 12 c) 18 d) 24

• Find the LCM of 15 and 20.

a) 30 b) 40 c) 60 d) 120

• The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 8 and 48. If one number is 24,
find the other.
a) 12 b) 16 c) 48 d) 96
• Find the HCF of 72, 108, and 210.
a) 6 b) 12 c) 18 d) 24

• The least number which is exactly divisible by 12, 18, and 30 is:
a) 60 b) 90 c) 180 d) 360
Thank you