Memory Identifiers & Problem
Solving Methods
Computer Science (Paper 2 –
Pseudocode & Python)
Prepared by: Your Name
Memory Identifiers
• Definition: Memory identifiers are names
given to memory locations to store data.
• Types:
• 1. Variable
• 2. Constant
• 3. Arrays
• 4. Records
Variables
• Definition: Stores one piece of data that can
change during execution.
• Python Example:
• x = 10
• x = x + 5 # value changed to 15
• Pseudocode:
• DECLARE x : INTEGER
Constants
• Definition: Stores one piece of data that
cannot be changed during execution.
• Python Example:
• PI = 3.14159
• Pseudocode:
• CONSTANT PI = 3.14159
Arrays
• Definition: Stores multiple values of the same
data type under one name.
• Python Example:
• marks = [85, 90, 78, 92]
• print(marks[2]) # Output: 78
• Pseudocode:
• DECLARE marks : ARRAY[1:4] OF INTEGER
Records
• Definition: Stores multiple values of different
data types under one name.
• Python Example:
• student = { 'name': 'Aqib', 'age': 18, 'grade': 'A'
}
• Pseudocode:
• TYPE Student
Problem Solving Methods
• 1. Flowchart
• 2. Structured English
• 3. Algorithm
• 4. Top-down Design
• 5. Structured Diagram
• 6. Source Code
Flowchart
• Graphical representation of logic using
symbols.
• Example: Find the largest of 2 numbers.
• (Include flowchart diagram here)
Structured English
• Step-by-step written explanation in plain
English.
• Example:
• IF number is greater than 0
• THEN print 'Positive'
• ELSE
• print 'Negative'
Algorithm
• Step-by-step process written in pseudocode.
• Example: Find max of 2 numbers.
• INPUT A, B
• IF A > B THEN
• OUTPUT A
• ELSE
• OUTPUT B
Top-Down Design
• Breaking the problem into smaller sub-
problems.
• Example: ATM System
• - Main Process → Withdraw Money
• - Subprocess 1: Verify PIN
• - Subprocess 2: Check Balance
• - Subprocess 3: Dispense Cash
Structured Diagram
• Hierarchical diagram showing problem
decomposition.
• Example: ATM → Verify PIN, Check Balance,
Dispense Money
Source Code
• Final implementation in Python.
• a = int(input('Enter first number: '))
• b = int(input('Enter second number: '))
• if a > b:
• print('Max is', a)
• else:
• print('Max is', b)
Summary
• • Memory Identifiers → Variable, Constant,
Array, Record
• • Problem Solving → Flowchart, Structured
English, Algorithm, Top-down Design,
Structured Diagram, Source Code
• • Pseudocode + Python examples covered