EXOGENIC PROCESSES
(Weathering, Erosion and
Transport, Deposition)
Earth Science (Quarter 2)
EXOGENIC PROCESSES
● Are processes refer to external forces and actions that
shape the Earth’s surface.
● Exogenic processes is affected by the subsystems.
● It is driven by weather.
● Its primary source is the energy coming from the Sun.
● Exogenic slowly and steadily tears the landforms down.
EROSION AND TRANSPORT
Erosion
- is the separation and
removal of weathered
and unweathered
rocks and soil from its
substrate due to
gravity or other
transporting agents.
EROSION AND TRANSPORT
Transport
- is the processes by
which sediments are
moved along from the
source to where they
are deposited.
EROSION AND TRANSPORT
Wind Erosion
- commonly occurs in flat,
bare areas or dry, sand,
and loose soils.
- It damages the land and
natural vegetation by
removing soil from one
place and depositing it
to another area.
EROSION AND TRANSPORT
Glacier
- is a permanent body of
ice, which consists
largely of recrystallized
snow and shows
evidence of movement
due to gravity. It erodes
the rocks in the surface.
Formation of U-Shaped Valleys
Water as most common erosion agent
Sediments are being carried away in 4 ways:
1. Traction - rolling or dragging of large grains.
2. Saltation - the repeated bouncing of sand
grains.
3. Suspension - movement of very fine particles.
4. Solution - movement of soluble materials (e.g.
salt)
Sediment Transport in Water
MASS WASTING
Mass
Wasting/Movement
- is the downslope
movement of rock, soil,
and ice due to gravity;
pulls due to gravity.
MASS WASTING
Mass
Wasting/Movement
- is the downslope
movement of rock, soil,
and ice due to gravity
pulls due to gravity.
MASS WASTING
Factors
1. Relief - the difference
in elevation between two
places, creates slopes;
gravity pulls materials at
higher elevations to
lower elevations.
MASS WASTING
Factors
2. Slope Stability- the
balance between the
downslope force caused
by gravity and the
resistance force due to
friction.
MASS WASTING
Factors
3. Fragmentation and
Weathering - the more
fragmented minerals, the
more susceptible to
mass wasting.
DEPOSITION
Deposition
is the process in which
sediments settle out of
the transporting agent.
DEPOSITION
Bed
- is the layer formed
when the materials
are laid down.
Sorting
- is the distribution of
grain size in a layer.
DEPOSITION
Well-sorted
- if it consist of two
similar grain size.
Poor sorting
- consists of very fine
and very coarse
grains.
DEPOSITION
Clasts
- larger sediments.
Matrix
- Surrounding fine-
grained sediments.
DEPOSITION
Sedimentary
Environment
- the area where the
sediments are
deposited.
DEPOSITION
1. Glacial
Environment
- Refer to as areas of
glaciers and ice
sheets, having pile at
the end of it called
glacial till.
DEPOSITION
2. Mountain Stream
Environment
- turbulent streams that
carries large
sediments like
boulders.
DEPOSITION
3. Mountain Front
Environment
- when the streams from
higher altitude reaches
the base of the mountain
it deposited sediments
resulting to a landform
known as alluvial fan.
DEPOSITION
4. Desert
Environment
- wind carries sand and
silt, when deposited
creating sand dunes,
loess deposit and
evaporites.
SAND DUNES
LOESS
EVAPORITES
DEPOSITION
5. Lake (lacustrine)
Environment
- coarse sediments are
deposited at the side
of the lake and fine
sediments settle out
in the deeper part of
the lake.
DEPOSITION
6. River (fluvial)
Environment
- in flat and slow-moving river
carries an assortment of
sediments, where coarser
are located in river bed,
while fine sediments are
suspended.
DEPOSITION
7. Delta Environment
- are areas where rivers or
streams meet larger bodies
of water, the sediment
carried by the water is
deposited, forming a
distinctive landform.
DEPOSITION
8. Beach Environment
- tidal currents transport
sands along the coastline
winnowing finer sediments,
well-sorted and well-
rounded, forming ripples.
DEPOSITION
9. Shallow Marine
Environment
- the coastal waters that are
relatively shallow, extending
from the shoreline
depositing sediments from
the river mouths.
DEPOSITION
10. Shallow Water
Carbonate Environment
- shallow marine
environments where there is
a deposition of carbonate
sediments.
DEPOSITION
11. Deep Marine
Environment
- occurs primarily through the
settling of fine-grained
sediments from the water
column, influenced by factors
like currents, sediment supply,
and oceanographic conditions.