Theory
and Application of Measuring
Instrument
Pankaj Verma, JE(QA)
SQAE (SA) Kanpur
Measurement
• “Measurement” is the act of determining a target's size, length,
weight, capacity, or other aspect.
• Measurement is fundamental to the sciences, to Engineering,
construction, and other technical fields; and to almost all
everyday activities.
7 Base SI Units
Measuring Instrument
• A measuring instrument is a device to measure a
physical quantity.
• Instrument that shows the extent or amount or quantity or
degree of something.
The measuring instrument categorized into three types –
1. Electrical Instrument (Ammeter, Voltmeter etc)
2. Electronic Instrument (Sound, other than electrical etc)
3. Mechanical Instrument (Physical quantity)
• We will discuss following Measuring Instruments-
1. Vernier Calipers -
• Generally made of 440c grade stainless steel (suitable because its wear resistance,
hardness and high tensile strength)
• Measure inside Dia, outside Dia, Thickness , Depth
• TR= MSR+ (VSR*LC)
• LC= value of one main scale division/Total number of vernier scale division
2. Micrometer (Screw Gauge)-
• Generally made of cast steel or malleable cast iron, Anvil and tungsten carbide to
increase hardness
• LC=Pitch/Number of division on circular scale
• TR= MSR+(CSR*LC)
3. Hight Gauge-
• Measures Height, Vertical distance.
Vernier Caliper
• Figure shows 3 possible situations
Types of Errors when we use Vernier Calipers, that
is-
1. Zero Error
2. Positive Zero Error
3. Negative Zero Error
Correct reading = Reading obtained – Zero
error
Measurement By Vernier Calipers
Exercise – Vernier Caliper
Micrometer
TYPES OF
ERRORS
Exercise - Micrometer