Geological Mapping of
Somanya and Its Surrounding
Towns
Department of Earth Science
University of Ghana
GROUP 8
September,
2025.
TEAM
Awuah David Kofi - 10968090
Nyamekye Manu Afia Angela - 10948257
Asher Joshua – 1097 0090
Baidoo Theresa - 10973561
Anning Richard - 10960312
SUPERVISOR
Naa Prof. B. K. Banoeng-Yakubo
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
STUDY AREA
METHODOLOGY
FIELD OBSERVATION
PETROGRAPHY
GEOCHEMISTRY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1
INTRODUCTION
Aims and Objectives
Map lithological units in the study area
Determine rock compositions (field,
petrographic & geochemical data)
Document structural features &
relationships
Interpret provenance, weathering, and
tectonic setting
Tell geological history of the terrain
Produce a more accurate geological map
of the study area
STUDY 2
AREA
Map of the West African Craton showing the location of the Dahomeyide Orogenic
Belt and study area. (modified after Darko et al., 2019).
STUDY 3
AREA Location: Eastern
region
Towns: Somanya, Sra,
Okornya, Akweteman,
Abokobi, and Ogome.
Topography: part of
Akwapim Range (300–
500 m a.s.l.)
Climate: dry equatorial
zone, bi-modal rainfall
(750–1600 mm/yr)
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
Togo Structural Unit
Influenced by Pan-
Study area map
METHODOLOGY 4
Pre-
Pre- fieldwork : Desk study, Reconn
aissanc field Desk
topographic base maps, e study
acquisition of tools, and
work
compass correction. Main Mappin
Reconnaissance: Community Samplin
g fieldwo g& data
entry, terrain survey. rk
collecti
on
Main fieldwork: mapping (pace
& compass method), measuring Post Map
Geoche
attitudes, and sampling. mistry fieldwo and
Post-fieldwork: Thin section report
rk
preparation, whole-rock
geochemistry (XRF/XRD), Petrog
geologic map production and raphy
FIELD 5
OBSERVATION
Lithologies: Quartzite and phyllite.
Quartzite Phyllite
STRUCTURES 6
FW HW
Reverse fault with quartz vein as the Multiple joints
marker
STRUCTURES 7
Foliations Quartz veins
COMPOSITE 8
MAP
Composite map of the study area
PETROGRAPHY 9
QUARTZIT
E
Photomicrographs of
quartzite showing;
a. Polycrystalline quartz
showing wavy
extinction.
b. Bimodal quartz grains.
c.(i) and (ii). Quartz grain
showing straight
extinction.
PETROGRAPHY 10
PHYLLITE
Photomicrograph of phyllite
showing;
Micas
Interstitial quartz
Fe- stains
GEOCHEMISTRY: Source area 1
weathering
CIA values were used to
plot the A–CN–K diagram 1
to evaluate the degree of
chemical weathering and
source rock composition
(Nesbitt & Young,1984).
Where CIA values;
50–60% indicate
minimal alteration
60–80% indicate
moderate weathering
80% indicate extreme
weathering. A-CN-K diagram of samples after Shao et al (2012).
Source area 1
weathering 2
A plot of Al₂O₃ versus CIA% was used to Paleoclimatic conditions prevailing
illustrate the intensity of weathering in the during sediment deposition (Suttner and
source area. Dutta, 1986).
PROVENANC
The provenance of a sediment is typically inferred from compositional features that 1
E
reflect the source rock, as well as the tectonic and climatic conditions of the source
area (Pettijohn et al., 1987; McLennan et al., 1993; Bhatia, 1983).
3
A. Source area
composition.
Increasing recycled
components
A discriminant function (DF1–DF2) diagram showing Plot of La/Th vs Hf diagram after Floyd
the composition of the source rocks (modified after and Leveridge, 1987
Roser & Korsch, 1988).”
TECTONIC 1
SETTING
Geochemical plot of 4
K₂O/Na₂O vs. SiO₂.
All samples
conclusively plot in
the passive
continental
margin field.
Indicates
sediments were
deposited in a
stable, non-
Tectonic setting discriminant diagram (after Roser & Korsch,
volcanic 1986).
INFERRED 1
PROTOLITH 5
A TiO₂ versus SiO₂ plot showing the Log(SiO₂/Al₂O₃) versus log(Fe₂O₃/K₂O) diagram
protolith of the samples for classification of the exact rock protolith of
the samples (after Herron, 1988).
CONCLUSIO 1
Nunit rocks are highly weathered. 6
The Togo structural
The quartzites most likely formed from quartz arenites and the
phyllites are formed from shale, and Fe- shale.
Geochemical evidence suggests that the rocks were derived
from recycled sedimentary rocks with no mafic inputs.
Geochemical and petrographic evidence suggests that the
samples were sourced from a passive continental margin
setting. This agrees with previous research (Anani et al., 2019;
Attoh, 1998), which established that the southern margin of
the West African Craton was characterized by passive margin
conditions prior to the Pan-African orogeny.
REFERENCES
Anani, C., Bonsu, S., Kwayisi, D., & Asiedu, D. (2019). Geochemistry and provenance
of Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks from the Togo structural unit,
Southeastern Ghana. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 149, 352–365.
Attoh, K. (1998). High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism in the Pan-African
Dahomeyide Orogen, West Africa. Journal of Geology, 106(5), 569–582.
Bhatia, M. R. (1983). Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones.
Journal of Geology, 91(6), 611–627.
Darko, J. A. A., Ahenkorah, I., & Aakyiir, M. (2019). Petrogenesis, geochemistry and
structural evidence of the Neoproterozoic Pan-African Dahomeyide Orogenic Belt,
Ghana. SN Applied Sciences, 1(3), 319.
Floyd, P. A., & Leveridge, B. E. (1987). Tectonic environment of the Devonian
Gramscatho Basin, south Cornwall: framework mode and geochemical evidence from
turbiditic sandstones. Journal of the Geological Society, 144(4), 531–542.
Herron, M. M. (1988). Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales
from core or log data. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 58(5), 820–829.
McLennan, S. M., Hemming, S., McDaniel, D. K., & Hanson, G. N. (1993). Geochemical
approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics. In M. J. Johnsson & A. Basu
(Eds.), Processes controlling the composition of clastic sediments (pp. 21–40).
Geological Society of America Special Paper 284.
Pettijohn, F. J., Potter, P. E., & Siever, R. (1987). Sand and sandstone (2nd ed.).
Springer-Verlag.
Roser, B. P., & Korsch, R. J. (1988). Provenance signatures of sandstone–mudstone
suites determined using discriminant function analysis of major-element data.
Chemical Geology, 67(1–2), 119–139.
Thank you all.