TOPIC – OPERATING
SYSTEM
Mentor Name – Ms.
[Link]
Students Name-
1) 60 – Bhavika Khadke
2) 61- Vaishali Nhire
3) 62- Rutuja Shewale
4) 63 - Ankush Antal
2
Index
Introduction of Operating System
Importance of Learning Operating System
Types of Operating System
Basic Function Operating System
Process and Threads
Process Scheduling
Memory Management
Challenges and Future Trends
Security and Protection
Practical skill For Jobs
Application of Operating System
Expected Interview Questions
Conclusion
What is Operating
System..?
• An Operating System is system software
that acts a
an interface between the user and the
computer hardware.
It manages hardware resources, provides a
user interface,
and enables execution of application programs.
Importance of Learning
Operating System
Builds Strong Computer
Helps in Problem Solving Science Foundation.
and Debugging
Importance of
Learning
Operating
System
Improves Programming Essential for Tech
and Development Skills Careers
5
Types of Operating System
Basic Function Operating 6
System
• Process Management
• Memory Management
Function of File System
Management
Operating • Device Management
• User Interface
System • Security and Access
Control
PROCESS AND THREADS 7
• A process is an independent program in execution that has its own memory, resources,
and system information managed by the operating system.
Example, Chrome browser and MS Word are separate processes.
• A thread is the smallest unit of execution within a process. Multiple threads within
the same process share the same memory and resources but execute independently.
Example, In Chrome, each tab runs as a separate thread.
Process 8
• Scheduling
Determines the order in which processes are executed by the CPU.
• Handled by the CPU Scheduler in the operating system.
• Aims to maximize CPU utilization and system efficiency.
9
Memory Management
• Memory management is a function of the operating system that handles the allocation,
tracking, and deallocation of memory to processes, ensuring efficient and safe
use of a computer’s main memory (RAM).
Memory Management
Techniques
Contiguous
Segmentati Virtual
Memory Paging
on Memory
Allocation
hallenges and Future Trends 10
Future
Challenge
Trends in
s in OS
OS
Real-Time AI-integrated OS
performance | | Container-native
OS
Energy-Efficient OS
Hardware
Green
Compatibility|
Computing focus|
Security Threat Edge & IoT OS
(Malware, Ransom) Evolution(Lightweig
ht, secure)
Container-native OS
Scalability in| Cloud (e.g., smart
Environments scheduling (like
CoreOS, K3OS, etc.)
11
Security and
Protection
Security: Protects the system from external threats (e.g., hackers, malware).
Protection: Controls internal access between processes and users to ensure proper use of resources
Security Mechanisms 🔧 Protection Mechanisms
•User Authentication File Permissions
•Access Control Lists (ACLs) Memory Protection
•Encryption Process Isolation
•Firewalls System Calls Validation
•Antivirus & Malware Protection
12
Practical skill For Jobs
objectiv
Objective: Develop hands-on, marketable skills in operating system
e
management
Practical OS Skills for Jobs
🔹 1. Command Line Proficiency
🔹 2. Process and Task Management
🔹 3. Memory and Storage Management
🔹 4. User and Permission Management
🔹 5. Networking Basics
🔹 6. File Systems & Backup
🔹 7. Basic Scripting (Automation)
🔹 8. Package Management
🔹 9. Virtualization &
🔹 10. System Security Basics
Application of Operating System 14
1. System
Administrat
ion / IT
Support
Real
6. Mobile
2. Software
App
Developme
Developme
nt
nt
World
Applicatio
n of OS
5. Game
Developme Skills in 3.
nt /
Embedded
Systems
Jobs Cybersecuri
ty
4. Data
Science &
DevOps
14
Expected Interview
Questions
[Link] is an Operating System? Explain its functions.
2. What is the difference between process and thread?
3. What is a deadlock? How can it be prevented?
4. What is virtual memory and why is it needed?
5. What is the difference between paging and segmentation?
6. What is the difference between kernel mode and user mode?
7. What is a context switch?
8. What is the difference between multitasking, multiprocessing, and multithreading?
Conclusion
• Operating System knowledge is essential, blending both critical theory and vital practice
• Mastering these concepts builds a strong foundation for a successful career in technology
• These skills are directly applicable to in-demand jobs across the industry