ICT

Lecture 4

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Last Lecture Summary I
• Parts of the Computer System
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• People
• Information Processing Cycle
• Input
• Processing
• Output
• Storage

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Last Lecture Summary II
• Computer Hardware
• Processor, Memory, Motherboard
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Communication devices
• Storage Devices
• Magnetic storage devices, Floppy Hard disk
• Optical storage devices, CD, DVD, Blu Ray
• Computer Software
• System software and Application software
• Computer Users

3
Using the input devices
• CPU is computer brain the input devices are its
sensory organs
• From user point of view, input device are important
• Enables user to enter information and commands into the
computer
• Two common input devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse

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 Input Devices
• Hardware used to enter data and instructions

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Two Common Input Devices
• Keyboard

• Mouse

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The Keyboard
• First peripheral to be used with computers
• The most common input device for inputting text and numbers
• About 100 keys
• Must be proficient with keyboard
• Skill is called keyboarding

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Standard Keyboard Layout
• IBM Enhanced Keyboard with 101 keys

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Five Groups of Keys
• Alphanumeric Keys
• Modifier Keys
• Numeric Keypad
• Function Keys
• Cursor Movement keys

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10
Alphanumeric Keys
• Area of computer that looks like a typewriter
• Sometimes called QWERTY
• Keys having specific functions
• Tab
• Caps Lock
• Backspace
• Enter

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Modifier Keys
• Shift
• Alt (Alternate)
• Ctrl (Control)
• Modify the input of other keys

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 Numeric Keypad
• usually located on the right side
of the keyboard,
• Has 10 digits and mathematical
operators (+, -, *, and /).
• also features a NumLock key
• On - forces the numeric keys to
input numbers.
• Off - perform cursor movement
control and other functions.

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Function Keys
• labeled F l, F2, and so on
• in a row along the top of the keyboard.
• allow you to input commands without typing long strings
of characters or navigating menus or dialog boxes.
• Each key's purpose depends on the program you are using.
• Many programs use function keys along with modifier keys
to give the function keys more capabilities.

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Cursor Movement Keys
• let you move around the screen without using a mouse.
• Cursor is a mark on the screen indicates where the
characters you type will be entered
• Arrow Keys
• Home and End
• PgUp and PgDn

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Special Purpose Keys
• Esc (Escape)
• Insert
• Delete
• PrtSc (Print Screen)
• ScrLk (Scroll Lock)
• Pause
• Two special for Microsoft Windows
• Start
• Shortcut

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17
Internet and Multimedia
Controls
• One of the latest trends is the addition of Internet and
multimedia controls.
• Microsoft's Internet Keyboard and MultiMedia Keyboard,
• e.g. you can use the buttons to launch a Web browser, check e-mail
and start your most frequently used programs.
• Multimedia buttons
• control the computer’s CD-ROM or DVD drive
• adjust the speaker volume

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How Keyboard Works
• Key is pressed on keyboard
• Keyboard controller detects a key press
• Keeps the code in its memory, Keyboard buffer
• Code represents the key pressed
• Controller notifies the operating system via an interrupt
• Operating system responds the interrupt by the reading the
code from buffer
• OS passes the code to CPU

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Dvorak Keyboards
• For people who type with one hand or finger
• Reduce the amount of motion required to type common English
text
• Increase typing rate
• Reduced errors
• But Qwerty is still popular

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Dvorak Keyboards
• Both Hands

• Left Hand

• Right Hand

[Link]
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QWERTY Keyboard Layout

Latham Sholes' 1878 QWERTY

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Non-standard layout and special-use

• Chorded keyboard

• Software or virtual keyboard

• Foldable keyboard

• Projection (as by Laser)

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Chorded Keyboard
• Associate actions with combinations of key presses
• As many combinations available, chorded keyboards can
effectively produce more actions on a board with fewer
keys
• Court reporters mostly use them

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Software or Virtual Keyboards
• is a software component that allows a user to enter
characters.
• usually be operated with multiple input devices,
• Touch screen,
• Actual keyboard and
• Mouse.

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Foldable Keyboards
• made of soft plastic or silicone which can be
rolled or folded on itself for travel
• When in use, these keyboards can conform to
uneven surfaces, and
• are more resistant to liquids than standard
keyboards.
• connected to portable devices and smart
phones.

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Projection Keyboard
• project an image of keys, usually with a laser, onto a flat
surface.
• The device then uses a camera or infrared sensor to
"watch" where the user's fingers move
• Projection keyboards can simulate a full size keyboard from
a very small projector.

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Wireless Keyboard
• provides increased user freedom
• includes a required combination transmitter and receiver
unit that attaches to the computer's keyboard port.
• The wireless aspect is achieved either by radio frequency
(RF) or by infrared (IR) signals sent and received from both
the keyboard and the unit attached to the computer.
• A wireless keyboard may use an industry standard RF, called
Bluetooth.

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The Mouse
• All modern computers have a variant
• Allows users to select objects
• Pointer moved by the mouse
• Mechanical mouse
• Rubber ball determines direction and speed
• The ball often requires cleaning
• Optical mouse
• Light shown onto mouse pad
• Reflection determines speed and direction
• Requires little maintenance

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The Mouse
mouse buttons
wheel
button

ball

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Optical Mouse

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Benefits of Using Mouse
• Pointer positioning is fast

• Menu interaction is easy

• Users can draw electronically

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Interacting With a Mouse
• Actions involve pointing to an object
• Clicking selects the object
• Double clicking the object
• Clicking and holding drags the object
• Releasing an object is a drop
• Right clicking activates the shortcut menu
• Modern mice include a scroll wheel

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Mouse Button Configuration
• Configured for a right-handed user
• Can be reconfigured for left handed
• Between 1 and 6 buttons
• Extra buttons are configurable

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Cordless Keyboard and Mouse
 Communicate with a
receiver attached to a
port on the system
unit
 Use infra-red (IR) or
radio frequency (RF)
technology

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Variants of the Mouse
• Trackballs
• Upside down mouse
• Hand rests on the ball
• User moves the ball
• Uses little desk space
• Mostly two buttons
• Can be configured for both
• right-handed and
• Left-handed use

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Track Pads
• Stationary pointing
device
• Small plastic
rectangle
• Finger moves across
the pad
• Pointer moves with
the pointer
• Popular on laptops

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 Track Point
• Track point
• Little joystick on the
keyboard between G, H & B
keys
• Move pointer by moving the
joystick
• Two buttons beneath
Spacebar same as mouse
• Save great of time and effort

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 Summary
• Standard input devices
• Standard Keyboard
• Five groups of Keys
• How Keyboard works ?
• Dvorak Keyboard
• Non standard layout and Special Use
• The Mouse
• Five Techniques of using Mouse
• Variants of Mouse

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 Recommended Websites
• [Link]
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