English Quarter 4 -
Module 1
Distinguishing
Basic Technical
Terms Used in
Research
OBJECTIVES
• distinguish the different technical
terms used in research,
• identify the terms used in
research,
• use the technical terms in writing
research.
What is a research?
Sanchez (2002) defined research as a discovery and
exploration of the unknown. It involves an investigation of
facts leading to the discovery of new ideas and new
methods. The end result is the discovery of truth.
Polit and Beck (2001) stated that research is a systematic
inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions
or solve problems. The goals of research are to develop,
refined, and expand the body of knowledge.
What are the basic parts of a research?
Johnston and Christensen (2000) enumerated seven major parts; these
includes the following:
1. Title page- this is the cover page you see when you open the cover. This
part contains the
following:
1. the working title of the study, addressed to whom it is intended
2. declaration of the context of the work, and
3. a formal explanatory statement accompanied by the discipline or
program and the author of the research work.
2. Abstract – it refers to a brief summary of the research. It contains the
conclusion, the
findings, and a short discussion of the problem, method and design.
3. Chapter 1. Introductory Chapter
This introductory chapter contains the following;
Introduction -this is the main focus of the research, overview of the topic, main points of
information, and importance of the topic. This part must provide the purpose and structure of the
research. It should be designed to attract readers attention.
1. Research problem – refers to statement expressed clearly in an interrogative or question form.
Example:
What is the implication of Distance education on the Academic achievement of Grade 10 students
of Pulong Buhangin National High School in S.Y. 2020-2021?
2. Research Objectives – is a statement of purpose for which the investigation is to be
conducted.
These are stated in declarative form.
Example: The main purpose of the study is to determine the implication of the distance study
on the academic achievement of Grade 10 students of Pulong Buhangin National High School in
School Year 2020-2021.
3. Hypothesis – this is an educational, intelligent guess. It can be a
tentative explanation based on theory to predict a causal relationship
between variables.
There are two types of hypothesis;
1. The null hypothesis which says that nothing happened. It is a denial of
an existence, an attribute, a relationship, a difference of an effect.
Example; There is no significant implication of distance education on the
academic achievement of grade 10 students of Pulong Buhangin National
High School enrolled in S.Y. 2020-2021.
2. The alternative hypothesis – it refers to an affirmation of an existence
of an observed phenomenon.
Example: There is a significant implication of distance study on the
academic achievement of grade 10 students of Pulong Pulong Buhangin
National High School in S.Y. 2020-2021.
4. Theoretical framework – is a symbolic construction
which uses abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables and
their relations that explains and predicts how an observed
phenomenon exist and operates.
5. Assumptions – is a basic principle that is being true, on
the basis of logic or reason without proof or verification.
6. Significance of the study
7. Scope and Delimitation of the study
8. Definition of Terms