BAEEE101 – BASIC
ENGINEERING
Module – III – ENGINEERING GRAPHICS &
CAD
Lecture – 4
Orthographic Projection
Course Faculty:
Dr. N. Senthilnathan, SMEC
VIT University, Vellore
Projection of an Object
Projection of an Object
Orthographic Projection
“Object is in between
observer and the plane of
projection”
When the projectors are parallel to each other and also perpendicular to the
plane, the projection is called “orthographic projection”.
FOUR QUADRANTS
Source: Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhatt
Planes of Projection
V.P. VERTICAL PLANE FIRST ANGLE
H.P HORIZONTAL PLANE PROJECTION
Source: Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhatt
TOP
VIEW
LEFT SIDE FRONT
VIEW VIEW
Orthographic
Projection of a
Product
GRAPHICAL SYMBOL OF
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION
Source: Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhatt
Third Angle Projection
The object is in
the third
quadrant.
Rays of sight
intersect the
V.P
Planes of projection are
assumed to be transparent Top view comes above
Source: Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhatt the front view.
GRAPHICAL SYMBOL OF
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION
Source: Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhatt
1st Angle & 3rd Angle Projection – Comparison
First Angle Projection Third Angle Projection
The object is kept in the first The object is assumed to be kept in
quadrant. the third quadrant.
The object lies between the observer The plane of projection lies between
and the plane of projection. the observer and the object.
The plane of projection is assumed The plane of projection is assumed
to be non-transparent. to be transparent.
The top view (plan) comes below the The top view (plan) comes above the
Front view (elevation). Front view (elevation).
The view of the object as observed Left hand side view is drawn to the
from the left-side is drawn to the left hand side of the elevation.
right of elevation.
This method of projection is now This method of projection is used
recommended by the "Bureau of in U.S.A. and also in other
Indian Standards‘ from 1991. countries.
Source: Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhatt
Orthographic Projection - Exercise
Hidden Edge Representation
Representation of Holes
Representation of Edges and Fillets
Q. Identify the appropriate orthographic views for the given objects.