DATA PROCESSING
Data Processing
• This is any activity that manipulates or caries out operation on data.
Data processing actions
• Collecting and storage
• Editing and updating
• Sorting and searching
• Output and dissemination
Batch processing
• Sets of data are processed all at once without user interaction.
• Master file: A table in a database containing information about one
set of things.
• Transaction file: Data that is used to update a master file.
Example of master file
Transactional file
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Batch Processing
• A single, automated process that requires very little human
interaction.
• It can be scheduled to occur at a fixed time.
• There will be no errors that human operators may produce.
• There are fewer repetitive tasks for human operators.
Disadvantages
• There is a delay in the process as the time has been scheduled.
• Only data of the same type can be processed.
• Errors cannot be corrected until the end of processing.
Online processing
• Data is input by the user, and the feedback is given in the form of
outputs.
Examples:
• Electronic Electric Funds
• Online Stores
• Automatic stock control
• Electronic data exchange
Electronic funds transfer
• This is the transfer of funds to and from the bank electronically.
• It includes:
• Direct payment from one bank account to another.
• ATM used to withdraw cash from bank account.
• Debit cards can be used to pay for goods or services from your bank
account.
• Direct debit cards are used where regular payments need to be made.
Online stores
• They enable a customer to purchase to purchase a product from
anywhere and have it delivered.
• They use an interactive system where customers can browse for
products they need.
• The customer selects the product, adds it to a virtual basket than pay
for the product using electronic funds.
Automatic stock control
• This system ensures the shop has enough stock to sell and never has too many.
They system stores the following data to maintain healthy level of stock.
• Quantity in stock
• Re order level
• Re order amount
Electronic data exchange
• This is a standardized format of exchanging data between
organizations.
• For example a school can submit coursework marks and grades to an
awarding institution either online or using an exchange software.
• API (Application Program Interface) are used to provide a standard
way of exporting and importing data between different software.
Real-time processing
• Data is processed as soon as it has been input so the outputs can be
generated immediately.
Examples:
• Air Traffic Control
• Computer games
• Air conditioning system
• Central heating system
Central Heating system