Group 1
CDI2{3 reporting}
Protocols in Criminal Investigation
1. Jurisdiction investigation of the territorial concern:
The police station, which has territorial jurisdiction of the area where the
crime incident was committed, shall immediately undertake the necessary
investigation and processing of the crime scene.
2. Official police blotter:
A police blotter is an 18 by 12 logbook with a hardbound cover that contains
the daily register of all crime incident reports.
3. Investigation team and equipment:
All investigators in any police unit must be a graduate of the prescribed
investigation course with a rank of at least PO2 {pre-requisite of assignment}.
Composition of the investigation team:
1. Team leader;
2. Investigation/ recorder;
3. Photographer;
4. Evidence custodian; and
5. composite illustrator/ artist
Equipment of the investigation:
6. Police line
7. video camera
8. voice record
9. camera
10. measuring devices
11. gloves
12. flashlight
13. fingerprint
14. evidence
15. evidence tag
16. evidence bottles/vias and
17. investigator tickler
4. Duties of the first responder:
They are members of the police, military, fire, medical teams, or other voluntary organizations who are expected
to be the first to respond to a call.
5. Duties and responsibilities of the investigation team:
Take full control of the crime scene, including the conduct of the crime scene search; taking photographs, making
sketches, lifting fingerprints, and making physical evidence.
6. Investigation of subject:
Suspect or Suspects- an individual who is/are pointed to be by the victim and witness to have committed the
crime in issue.
7. Taking of sworn documents of the suspect:
The execution of the suspect “WAIVER” as stipulated in Article 125 of the PRC shall always be done in the
presence of his chosen counsel or any independent counsel.
8. Taking of sworn documents of the witness:
A sworn statement or affidavit of the complainant and witness must be taken immediately by the investigator on
the case. An affidavit of arrest of the arresting officer must be taken immediately, not later than 24 hours.
9. Preparation of reports and filling of chargers:
The investigation on the case shall submit the following
a. Spot report within 24hours. To head quarters
b. Progress report;
c. After operation report;
d. Final report after the case is filed before the prosecutor’s office/court; and
10. Procedure in the release of scene
crime scene- a venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/ event has been
committed. A crime scene may include a home, a vehicle, an open space, a park, a
playground, or any private or public.
11. Follow-up of a case:
The investigator shall conduct a police operation to identify and apprehend the
suspect based on the results of the initial investigation conducted.
12. Preparation of case investigation plan:
The conduct of police operation involving sensational cases high profile and heinous
crimes must be covered by a case investigation plan.
13. Attendance to court duties:
The investigator on case and arresting officers shall to ensure their attendance
during the court hearing.
14. Uniform of the investigator:
Prescribe uniform should be worn by investigators when conducting investigation so
as to identify them as PNP personnel.
UNDERSTANDING CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN NATURE
A. People may lie- {reasoning for lying} an investigator should not be surprised
when a witness or suspect lies during the investigation.
a. Freedom
b. money
c. reputation
d. protection
B. Man is a creature of habit- This is a very important characteristic of human
behavior for investigation. The use of modus operandi (MO} IS base on this
principle.
C. Personal emotion- There is no typical criminal or typical criminal personality. A
criminal occupation, upbringing, and personality can run the entire gamut of
humanity.
D. Personal biases or prejudice- Is a factor that all investigators must take into
account as they go about their work. Everyone has their own personal biases
that influence them in their everyday lives.
BASIC COMPONENTS AND PROCESS OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
PNP criminal investigation manual defines CRIME SCENE as a venue or place where are alleged crime/incident/event has
been committed.
ACCORDING TO TIME OF COMMISSION:
1. Daytime crime scene- from sunrise to sunset {6:00 AM to 6:00PM}
2. Night time- from sunset to sunrise {6:00PM to 6:00 AM}
ACCORDING TO LOCATION :
1. Indoor crime scene- affords the crime scene protection from weather and allows investigation or takes time and process
the scene in a show and methodical manner, without concern for weather influence.
2. Outdoor crime scene- most vulnerable to weather conditions and presents more problems.
3. Continuing/ mixes crime scene- from indoor to outdoor and/ or vice versa.
4. Special location- the most difficult to handle because of its nature, it needs support resources to process.
ACCORDING TO THE SOURCE OF EVIDENCE:
1. Primary crime- investigation usually begins where the body is originally found.
2. Secondary crime scene
* where the victims are confined
* where the assault initially took place
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION- refers to the post-incident police
operation procedures undertaken at the crime scene when a crime has
been committed.
1. First responders- are members of the police, military, fire, medical
teams, and other volunteer organizations.
2. Investigators on a case- case refers to the duty investigator duly
assigned or designated to conduct the inquiry of the crime by
following a systematic set of procedures and methodologies for the
purpose of identifying witnesses, recovering evidence.
3. Scenes of the crime operation- the scene of crime operative to the
functional capability of the PNP crime laboratory performed by its
trained personnel through the recognition, methodical search,
proper documentation/ recording, and collection of physical
evidence at the crime scene.
GENERAL INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE
1. Upon receipt of call/walk-in complaints
a. Record the time it was reported
b. Get the identity of the caller/complainants
c. Get the place of the incident
d. Get the nature of the incident
e. Get the number of victims
f. Record a brief synopsis of the incident
g. Direct the police mobile car/beat patrollers
h. Inform the duty investigator (preferably one team of investigators).
2. At the crime scene – the first responder shall perform his duty and, in addition, check the condition of the
victim, while the other member or the first responder shall simultaneously secure the area by putting a police
line or any material, like rope, straw and ect.}.
A. if in serious condition
*Bring the victim immediately to the nearest hospital using emergency services.
[Link] not is a serious condition
*get the identity and other data of the victim
C. If the suspect is arrested at the scene
*record what time the suspect arrested
3. Investigation procedure at the crime scene
A. Upon arrival AT THE CRIME SCENE
1. Receive the crime scene from the first responder
B. Recording-the investigator begins the process of recording pertinent
facts and details of the investigation the moment he arrives at the
crime scene.
C. Searching for evidence- Each crime is different according to the
physical nature of the scene and the crime or offense involved.
D. Collection of evidence- this is accomplished after the search is
completed, the rough sketch is finished, and photographs taken.
E. Marketing of evidence- any physical evidence abtained must be
tagged before its submission to the evidence custodian.