Today’s Agenda
Quick Review
Finish Java Threads
The CS Problem
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 1
Quick Review
What are the two approaches to creating Java
threads?
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 2
Java Threads
Thread Creation
Thread Synchronization
Thread States And Scheduling
Short Demo
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 3
Thread Creation
There are two ways to create a thread in Java:
Extend the Thread class
Implement the Runnable interface
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 4
The Thread class
class A extends Thread {
public A (String name) { super (name); }
public void run () {
[Link](“My name is ” + getName());
}
}
class B {
public static void main (String [] args) {
A a = new A (“mud”);
[Link] ();
}
}
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 5
The Runnable interface
class A extends ... implements Runnable {
public void run () {
[Link](“My name is ” + getName () );
}
}
class B {
public static void main (String [] args) {
A a = new A ();
Thread t = new Thread (a, “mud, too”);
[Link] ();
}
}
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 6
Java Threads
Thread Creation
Thread Synchronization
Thread States And Scheduling
Short Demo
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 7
Lock
Each Java object is implicitly associated with a
lock.
To invoke a synchronized method of an object, a
thread must obtain the lock associated with this
object.
The lock is not released until the execution of the
method completes.
The locking mechanism ensures that at any
given time, at most one thread can execute any
synchronized method of an object.
Important: Lock is per object (NOT per method)!
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 8
wait, notify and notifyAll
The execution of wait on an object causes the
current thread to wait until some other thread to
call notify or notifyAll.
A thread must own the object lock before it
invokes wait on an object. The execution of wait
will also release the lock.
When a waiting thread is notified, it has to
compete and reacquire the object lock before it
continues execution.
What’s the difference between notify and
notifyAll?
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 9
join
A thread t1 can wait until another thread t2 to
terminate.
t1 t2
[Link] ()
end
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 10
interrupt
interrupt allows one thread to send a signal to
another thread.
It will set the thread’s interrupt status flag, and
will throw a ThreadInterrupted exception if
necessary .
The receiver thread can check the status flag or
catch the exception, and then take appropriate
actions.
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 11
Other Thread methods
Method sleep puts the running thread into sleep,
releasing the CPU.
Method suspend suspends the execution of a
thread, which can be resumed later by another
thread using method resume.
Method stop ends the execution of a thread.
Note that suspend, resume, and stop has been
deprecated in Java 2. (For more info, refer to
[Link]
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 12
Daemon Thread
A daemon thread is used to perform some
services (e.g. cleanup) for other threads.
Any thread can be marked as a daemon thread
using setDaemon (true).
A program terminates when all its non-daemon
threads terminate, meaning that daemon
threads die when all non-daemon threads die.
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 13
Java Threads
Thread Creation
Thread Synchronization
Thread States And Scheduling
Short Demo
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 14
State Transition Diagram
CS, yield
start scheduled
new runnable running
pen
sus
d
d
e
en
um
IO completes,
sp
IO, sleep
sleep expires,
res
su
wait, join
notify, notifyAll,
p
join completes
sto
suspended blocked
e
sum
re
op IO
d
st co
en
m
sp
pl
et
su
es
dead stop suspend
blocked
stop
stop, run ends
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 15
Scheduling
In general, there are two types of scheduling:
non-preemptive scheduling, and preemptive
scheduling.
In non-preemptive scheduling, a thread runs
until it terminates, stops, blocks, suspends, or
yields.
In preemptive scheduling, even if the current
thread is still running, a context switch will
occur when its time slice is used up.
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 16
Priorities
Each thread has a priority that also affects their
scheduling to run.
If a thread of a higher priority enters the
runnable set, the currently running thread will be
preempted by the new thread.
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 17
Java Threads
Thread Creation
Thread Synchronization
Thread States And Scheduling
Short Demo
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 18