ISLAM

MODULE 7
LEARNING
COMPETENCY
• HUMSS_WRB12 I/IIIg-h-6.1
Read the opening lines of Qur’an
preferably from an English version
• HUMSS_WRB12 I/IIIg-h-6.2
Retell the life and times of Prophet
Muhammad
• HUMSS_WRB12 I/IIIg-h-6.3
Explain: The core teaching of Islam is
there is only one God and Muhammad
is His final and greatest messenger.
• HUMSS_WRB12 I/IIIg-h-6.4
Conduct a panel discussion on Muslim
beliefs and practices (when possible
ACTIVITY 1: WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW!

Let us determine how much you know

about ISLAM. Are you ready? Let’s get
started! Please write inside the circle the
words or concepts you can associate with
ISLAM. Please do it in a one whole sheet of
paper.
ISLAM
• Islam The Arabic word “Islam” means peace,
submission and obedience.
• The religion of Islam is the complete acceptance of
the teachings and guidance of God as revealed to
his Prophet Muhammad
• Islam A Muslim is defined by Islamic scholars as
one who believes in God and strives for the
complete transformation of his life according to
God’s revealed guidance and the teaching of His
Prophets.
SYMBOL OF ISLAM
• The Cresent Moon and Star
symbol actually predates
Islam by several thousand
years.
• Origin of the symbol are
difficult to confirm but most
sources agree that these
ancient symbols were in use
by the peoples of Central Asia
and Siberia in their worship of
sun, moon and sky gods.
HISTORY OF ISLAM
• Islam, the youngest of the Abrahamic
religions, started around 622 C.E., considered
as the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
• The word Islam is an Arabic word which
means "submission" or "surrender" and is
also related to salaam, the Arabic word for
"peace."
• It originated from Mecca, which is found in
the Arabian Peninsula, with Muhammad,
considered the last prophet or "Seal of the
Prophet."
HISTORY OF ISLAM
• It was in Mecca where Muhammed was born
and raised by his uncle Abu Talib, worked as
an assistant to a rich widow Khadija whom he
later married, and meditated on certain social
issues such as unequal distribution of wealth,
leading to a great divide between the
Comparative Analysis of Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam 107rich and the poor, as well as the
possession of slaves.
HISTORY OF ISLAM
• It was during one of his visits to a cave that
the angel Gabriel appeared before him,
delivering the message of Allah that he was
chosen to found a new religion and preach
that Allah is the only God that should be
worshipped.
• At first he thought he was just having a
hallucination, but later on he was convinced
that he was indeed chosen by God to spread
his words so he began preaching in Mecca,
where he won some converts.
HISTORY OF ISLAM
• But his teaching of equality and
brotherhood threatened the power of
the rich Quraysh tribe so he was forced
to escape to Medina to avoid
persecution.
• This happened in 622 C.E. and was
known as Hegira. From then on Islam
gained followers and became one of the
dominant religions in the world.
BASIC FACTS OF ISLAM
SACRED BOOK
QURAN
• The sacred writing of the
Muslims is called Quran (or
Koran in English) that literally
means "recitation" or "reading."
It is believed to be the literal
word of Allah.
• The Quran is the revelation from
God of his speech (kalam) and is
the foundation of the Islam
religion It is the supreme
authority in all matters of faith,
 QURAN
• They begin learning it at an early
stage; the Qurán is read to babies, and
toddlers who can already speak are
asked to memorize and recite Qur'anic
verses .
• They learn to write by copying verses
of the Qur'an by hand.
• Members of Islam who manage to
memorize the book are held in high
regard by the communities.
• Since the Quran is written in Arabic,
the language is respected is respected
by Muslims.
• For them, the book is unique event in
QURAN
• In 610 C.E., when Muhammad received
the first revelations, he was
commanded by angel Gabriel to "iqra"
or "recite.“
• All Muslims believe that the Quran is
a copy of the eternal scripture written
in heaven but made known to
Muhammad chapter by chapter
• As such, the Quran is the word of God
that is binding, continuous, and
supreme.
QURAN
• For about twenty-three years, God
revealed these messages through
Muhammad who initially memorized
these lines because he was illiterate.
• The revelation spanned from about
609 to 632 C.E., the year of the
prophet's death.
• Muhammad relayed these messages
to his companion and secretary Zayd
ibn Thabit (c.610-c.660 C.E.) who
wrote them on leather scraps, stone
pieces, ribs of palm leaves, shoulder
blades of animals, and parchments.
• At that time,the art of papermaking
QURAN
• Zayd became one of the first converts of Muhammad
to the Islam fold.
• Twenty years after the death of Muhammad, the
Quran had officially come to the form that was
disseminated throughout the centers of the Islamic
world
• Neither thematic nor chronological, the Quran is
arranged based on the length of the surahin
descending order.
A. The longest surahhas about 286 ayahs, the Al-
Bagarah (*The Heifer").
[Link] shortest surahhas only three ayahs, the Al-
Kawthar ("Abundance).
SURAH AL-FATIHA “THE OPENING ‘’
• Sura Al-Fatiha- “The Opening”
Sura Al-Fatiha is the first chapter
of the Qur’an, the sacred book of
Islam.
• Its verses are a prayer for God’s
guidance and stress the lordship
and mercy of God (Allah in
Arabic).
• This chapter has special role in
daily prayers (Salat), being
recited at the start of each unit of
prayer.
SURAH AL-FATIHA “THE OPENING ‘’
"In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most
Merciful Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and
Sustainer of the Worlds;
Most Gracious, Most Merciful;
Master of the Day of Judgement.
You do we worship and Your aid we seek.
Show us the straight way,
The way of those on whom You have bestowed
Your Grace, those whose
(portion)is not wrath, and who go not astray."
 HADITH
• The hadith is the collection of the deeds
and sayings of Muhammad and his
followers ("traditional reports or
sayings") and is the second source of
shari'alaw.
• Unlike the Quran that was officially
compiled under the auspices of a central
authority (as initiated by the first caliph
Abu Bakr), the hadiths were collected
generations after the death of
Muhammad.
• The hadiths are recognized today as
second in authority after the Koran .
 HADITH
• Around the ninth century C.E., Muslim
scholars undertook a number of great
systematic collections of hadiths that
are known as Kutub al-Sittah or the Six
Sahih ("Authentic") Books.
• The collections of Persian scholars
Muhammad al-Bukhari (810-870) and
Muslim in al-Hajjaj (c.815-875) are the
most respected and most often cited
among the said collections.
• Imam Bukhari authored the Sahih al-
Bukhari while Imam Muslim compiled the
Sahih Muslim.
• From the six books, these hadith records
 HADITH
• The word sahih these titles indicate that the
authors of these books sifted the authentic
reports about Muhammad from other
unsubstantiated narratives .
• The various rituals and obligations embedded
in the so-called "Five Pillars of Islam as well
as majority of criminal laws originate from
the hadiths
THE FIVE PILLARS
 THE FIVE PILLARS
• The Five Pillars of Islamic Faith Carrying out
these obligations provides the framework of
Muslim’s life, and weaves their everyday
activities and their beliefs into a single cloth
of religious devotion.
• No matter how sincerely a person may live,
Islam regards it as pointless to live life
without putting faith into action and practice.
THE FIVE PILLAR
1. The Creed (Shahada)
• The basic creed of Islam that "there is no
God but Allah; Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah" is known as shahada.
• In Arabic, the shahada is recited as "La
ilaha illa Allah; Muhammad on rasul Allah.
• "These are the very first words uttered into
an infant's ear and perhaps the last words
given to a dying Muslim.
• The shahada asserts that Allah is the only
divinity and that he has relayed his will
through Muhammad
THE FIVE PILLAR
[Link] Prayer (Salat)
• Just as the body requires food for its daily
sustenance, prayers are done for spiritual
development so that a Muslim's character and
conduct remain sound and healthy
• Facing in the direction of Mecca or qiblah,
Muslims must offer prayers or salat five times
each and every day-before sunrise (as-subh),
noon (az-zuhr), mid-afternoon (al-asr),
immediately after sunset (al-maghreb),and
before midnight (al-isha).
THE FIVE PILLAR
[Link] Prayer (Salat)
• In a mosque or masjid ("place of prostration)
where Muslims offer prayers in congregation,
men and women pray separately.
• A structure of masjid can range from a
simple desert prayer ground (musalla) or just
any space whereby rules of ritual purity are
properly observed .
• Each prayer session begins when the strong-
voiced muezzin or caller recites the call to
prayer (adhan) from the tallest point of a
THE FIVE PILLAR
[Link] Prayer (Salat)
• A minaret is a tall structure or thin
tower that is used to call the people
to prayer.
• The adhan, composed of rhythmic
Arabic phrases devised by
Muhammad himself, is often
recorded and broadcast through
speakers.
• Quite regrettably, muezzins have
been slowly replaced by amplified
voices and tape recordings .
THE FIVE PILLAR

[Link] Prayer (Salat)

• Before any prayer commences, an elaborate ritual
washing (wudu) must be performed to remove any
impurities and unclean substances from the body or
clothes of the faithful.
• Most mosques are frequently equipped with
facilities for washing hands, feet, and face before
prayer .
• Clean and potable water must be given to any
person who comes to a mosque .
• Muslim men often pray in mosques while women
THE FIVE PILLAR
[Link] Tax (Zakat)
• Muslims who live above the subsistence level
must pay zakat or the poor tax to aid the
underprivileged Muslims.
• Affluent Muslims must share their wealth to
the unfortunate ones.
• Originally, almsgiving was for the benefit of
the poor, widows, and orphans through an act
of charity.
• Later on, it became mandatory amounting to
a certain percentage of a Muslim's total
THE FIVE PILLAR
[Link] Tax (Zakat)
• Islam has never viewed begging as
dishonorable
• Zakat is not charity but an annual wealth tax
that serves as just and lawful claim of the
poor against the alluent ones.
• The zakat is payable the moment a Muslim
has
• accumulated sufficient resources starting
with a basic rate which is fortieth (2.5
percent) of a person's entire asset, including
THE FIVE PILLAR
4. Fasting (Sawm)
• Fasting or sawm during the entire 30 days of
Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic
calendar, must be performed by all Muslims
every year.
• The Ramadan is believed to be the month
when Muhammad received the first surah of
the Quran.
• The sawm is done by all Muslims to express
obedience to Allah and the readiness to
relinquish pleasures in their lives.
• By undertaking sawm, Muslims observe
 THE FIVE PILLAR
4. Fasting (Sawm)
• During this time, a Muslim must refrain from
eating, drinking, smoking, and engaging in any
sexual intimacy from dusk until dawn.
• By resisting the demands of You sent the body
during sawm, the Muslims strengthen their will.
• Muslims are reminded that they have the
capacity to ignore the longing of the body or
material gratification.
• The sawm culminates with the "Feast of
Breaking the Fast" (Id al-Fitr) wherein Muslims
may celebrate and partake in festivities.
THE FIVE PILLAR
4. Fasting (Sawm)
• During this time, a Muslim must refrain from
eating, drinking, smoking, and engaging in any
sexual intimacy from dusk until dawn.
• By resisting the demands of You sent the body
during sawm, the Muslims strengthen their will.
• Muslims are reminded that they have the
capacity to ignore the longing of the body or
material gratification.
• The sawm culminates with the "Feast of
Breaking the Fast" (Id al-Fitr) wherein Muslims
may celebrate and partake in festivities.
 THE FIVE PILLAR
4. Fasting (Sawm)
• Muslims who are exempted from performing
sawm include small children, those who are on
a journey, sick persons, and mothers nursing
infants.
• For those who are temporarily unable to
observe sawm, they must perform the missed
fast after Ramadan.
• For those who are permanently unable to fast,
such as the very old or persons those with
long-term illness, they can give charity to poor
THE FIVE PILLAR
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
• All Muslims must attempt to
undertake a pilgrimage to the holy
city of Mecca or haj ("visitation of
Holy Places") at least once in their
lifetime during the twelfth Islamic
month.
• The "Grand Mosque" (Al-Masjid al-
Haram) in Mecca houses the most
sacred site of Islam, the Kaaba
("House of Allah").
THE FIVE PILLAR
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
• The Kaaba is a cube-shaped ancient
stone building that dates back to the
time of Adam and Eve according to
Muslim tradition.
• Muslims believe that the Kaaba was
originally built for the worship of
God by Abraham and his son Ishmael
(Belt 2001).
• The Kaaba represents the end of a
journey because it is the symbolic
point of origin of all creation
wherein all things turn around it and
THE FIVE PILLAR
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
• Inside the Kaaba is the "Black Stone,"
twelve inches in diameter, located on the
eastern cornerstone of the building that
was set intact into the wall by Muhammad
himself in 605 C.E.
• A fragmented dark rock often described as
meteorite, the"Black Stone" has been
polished smooth by the pilgrims through
time.
• Broken into a number of fragments, it is
now cemented into a silver frame on the
eastern corner of the Kaaba. Some poets
consider Muhammad himself as the Kaaba
THE SUBDIVISIONS
THE SUBDIVISIONS
• Different Islamic Sects Islam
appeared to be a solid religion
based on the simplicity of its
doctrine and tradition.
• However, like other religions, it was
also attacked by the worms of
division, as it grew and developed.
• A Muslim’s Islamic belief may take
one of the following forms of Islam:
THE SUBDIVISIONS
1. SUNNI MUSLIM
• Majority of Muslims, around 87% to
90% of the entirety of Islam
believers, belong to the Sunni
denomination.
• Sunni means “tradition,” and
Sunnis regard themselves as those
who emphasize following the
traditions of Muhammad and of the
first two generations of the
community of Muslims that followed
Muhammad.
• Every Muslim country has a Sunni
majority except Iran, Iraq,
THE SUBDIVISIONS
2. Shi'a (The Shi'ites)
• 10%-16% of all Muslims.
• Shi’ites are the “party of Ali,”
who believe that Muhammad’s
son-in-law was his designated
successor(Imam) and that the
Muslim community should be
headed by a designated
descendant of Muhammad.
THE SUBDIVISIONS
3. Sufi
• Sufis go beyond external
requirements of Islamic
religion to seek a personal
experience of God through
forms of meditation and
spiritual growth.
• Most Sufi practitioners
practice discipline, poverty,
abstinence, and celibacy in
some instances. They insist
that it is possible to have
union with God through
mystical experience .
 THE SUBDIVISIONS
4. Ahmadiyyas Muslims
• The movement was founded in 1889 by Mirza
Ghulam Ahmad in India.
• Mizra claimed that he was a Reformer, the
Second Advent of both Prophet Muhammad and
Jesus.
• He also made several claims to religious titles
and accreditation during his lifetime.
• Most of his beliefs and claims were rejected by
most Muslims.
• Since the death of Mizra, the movement has
been led by several Caliphs and has expanded to
206 countries and territories around the world.
THE SUBDIVISIONS
5. Baha’is
• Founded in Iran in the mid-19th century by
Mīrzā Ḥosayn ʿAlī Nūrī.
• Bahāʾīs believes in the oneness of humanity
and devote themselves to the abolition of
racial, class, and religious prejudices.
• The great bulk of Bahāʾī teachings is
concerned with social ethics; the faith has no
priesthood and does not observe ritual forms
in its worship.
THE PRACTICES OF
ISLAM
 THE PRACTICES OF ISLAM
[Link]
• Islam practice the essence of equality. Islam,
with its belief in Ummah or the community of
believers that is supposed to promote equality
among all races, ethnicities, and genders, is
supposed to have a high regard for women.
• Islam treats men and women equally, for it is
stated in the Quran that men and women are
equal in the eyes of God and are expected to
act in accordance to their teachings and to
fulfill the same duties, such as in prayer,
worship, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage
to Mecca.
 THE PRACTICES OF ISLAM
2. PRAYER
• Prayer for them is a necessity of being a
member of Islam. Members of Islam prayed
five times a day, before the dawn breaks, mid-
day, noon break, midafternoon and late
evening. One in which I really admire on them.

3. BAYANIHAN
• "Bayanihan" is very evident in their actions,
for it is inculcated unto their minds the
importance of giving.
 THE PRACTICES OF ISLAM
4. FASTING
• They practice fasting most especially during
the Islamic Holy month. Fasting on Ramadan is
fourth in the Five Pillars of Islam, it is a
mandatory acts for members of Islam.
• And Islamic celebration of Eid al-Fitr which
means
" Feast of Breaking of the Fast" marks the
end of month long celebration of Ramadan.
• And to mention, pilgrimage to Mecca is also
mandatory for a member of Islam to do once in
their life but have an exclusion to members of
Islam who are weak or don't have the capacity
 THE PRACTICES OF ISLAM
5. MEN & WOMEN
• It is also stated in Islamic law that women
should be given dowry or property given by
the husband upon marriage, and that they
have the right of inheritance and property
ownership.
• There were also women political leaders in the
history of Muslim expansion in West Asia and
even in Europe.
• However, certain Islamic practices contradict
the claim that Islam has a high regard for
women.
• Some of these practices are the limited access
 THE PRACTICES OF ISLAM
5. MEN & WOMEN
• This Islamic practice originated
from Muhammad who decided that
men should be allowed to have
more than one wife to
accommodate the widows and
orphans of those who died in the
wars participated by the Muslims),
slavery, and concubinage, or the
practice of having mistresses.
• In Islam, men are allowed to have
up to four wives as long as they
can support them financially and
guarantee that they be treated
equally.
 THE PRACTICES OF ISLAM
5. MEN & WOMEN
• Meanwhile, women are allowed
only one husband and if they are
caught with another man, in
some societies the punishment is
public execution by stoning to
death.
• It is also a practice in some
Islamic societies that when a
woman is raped, she must
produce four witnesses to prove
that she was indeed raped, and
failure to do so would invalidate
 THE PRACTICES OF ISLAM
5. MEN & WOMEN
• Strict veiling is also an issue
raised by feminists against
Islam-some societies require
only the hijab or head
covering worn in public by
Muslim women; some require
the burka, or a long, loose
garment covering the whole
body from head to feet.
• The practice of purdah or
strict veiling of women in
Islam is symbolic of their
subordination and literally
inhibits their social mobility
THE PRACTICES OF ISLAM
6. HIJIRA
• Migration in Islam, particularly the concept of
"Hijra," involves both historical and
contemporary issues.
• Historically, it was a religious obligation to
migrate from persecution to a place of
religious freedom.
• Today, issues surrounding Muslim migration
include adaptation and integration in new
societies, navigating cultural and religious
identity, and addressing concerns about
ACTIVITY 2: TELL ME
Examine the brief history, core teachings,
fundamental beliefs, practices, and related
issues of Islam.
1. In what way is Islam similar to
Christianity?
2. How do the Five Pillar of Islam give a
sense of unity and structure to the religion as
followed by all the Muslims worldwide ?
3. How Hadith and Quran different from one
another?
4. How Sunni, Shia and Sufi similar and
different from one another?
[Link] men in Muslim can married more than
one why women cannot ?
ACTIVITY 3: MATCH ME
PERFORMANCE TASK: TELL ME
Conduct a panel discussion on Muslim
beliefs and practices . Ask their beliefs and
practices on their religion.
BELEIEF AND DO DON’T
PRACTICES
[Link]

2. FOOD

3. COURTSHIP
AND MARRIAGE
[Link] AND
NAMING
[Link] AND
WOEMEN