Football

Q. Draw a neat and clean diagram of

football field with complete
measurements.
DURATION OF MATCH

TIE BREAKER
Regular Time – (2 halves of 45 minutes)

Extra Time – (2 halves of 15 minutes) - Additional playing time,

beyond regular time, used when a match requires a winner and the
score is tied at the end of regular time.

Penalty shoot-out – A method to decide the winner by kicks from

the penalty mark. Each team takes 5 penalty kicks in alternating
order. If still tied after those, it goes into “sudden-death” rounds.

Sudden Death - A form of deciding the match where as soon as one

team scores in extra time, the game is over.
PENALTY SHOOTOUT
 Additional time
• At the end of each half (45 minutes), the referee adds some extra minutes. This is called
additional time.

Why is it added?
Because during the game, the clock does not stop for events like:
• Injuries and medical treatment
• Substitutions
• Goal celebrations
• Time-wasting
• VAR (Video Assistant Referee) checks
• Any other delays

How long is it?

Usually between 1–5 minutes per half, but can be longer. For example, in the FIFA World Cup
2022, we saw even 8–10 minutes of added time in some matches.
Q . Mention the Weight and circumference of the ball.

Based on FIFA regulations, the standard weight and circumference of a football are:
Circumference: 68–70 cm (27–28 inches)
Weight: 410–450 g (14–16 oz)
These measurements apply to a Size 5 ball, which is used in professional and adult matches.
 Technical Area
This is the designated area on the sideline where team officials,
such as the head coach, assistant coaches, and substitutes, are
allowed to stand during a match. It is typically marked by a
rectangular boundary near the team benches, and coaches must
remain within this area while giving instructions to players.
 Additional Time
Also known as "stoppage time" or "injury time," this refers to the extra
minutes added to the end of each half by the referee. It compensates for
stoppages in play due to injuries, substitutions, time-wasting, or other
delays. The referee determines the amount of additional time and
signals it at the end of each half.
Optional Mark – This refers to the small marking located 10 yards (9.15 meters)
from the corner arc. It marks the boundary for the players to stay behind during a
corner kick.
 Tackling
This is a defensive technique used
by players to regain possession of
the ball by intercepting or
challenging an opponent. Tackling
can be done legally using the feet
(e.g., a slide tackle or standing
tackle) but must be performed
without fouling the opponent.
 Lob
A type of pass or shot where the ball is kicked high into the air to go over
an opponent, such as a defender or goalkeeper. Lob shots are commonly
used to chip the ball over the goalkeeper when they are off their line.

Chip = Lob

Chip is also called

Lob shot.
 Cross
In football (soccer), a cross is a strategic pass delivered from a wide area
of the field into the central area near the opponent's goal, typically the
penalty box. The primary aim is to create goal-scoring opportunities
 Punt
A technique where the goalkeeper drops the ball from their hands and
kicks it before it touches the ground. This is used to clear the ball a long
distance up the field and is usually performed with a strong, powerful
kick.
Wall pass –
A wall pass, also known as a one-two pass or give-and-go, is a technique in
football (soccer) where a player passes the ball to a teammate and immediately
moves into space to receive a return pass. This move is commonly used to
bypass defenders and create attacking opportunities.
Man to Man:
In football, man-to-man marking is a defensive strategy where each
defender is assigned to closely follow and guard a specific player from
the opposing team throughout the game. The primary goal is to limit
the opponent's ability to receive the ball, make plays, or score by
staying close to them at all times.
Step-over –
In football (soccer), a step over is a dribbling move used to deceive defenders
by feigning a change in direction, allowing the attacker to maintain possession
and advance play. This technique involves moving one foot over or around the
ball without making contact, creating the illusion of moving the ball in a
particular direction, before swiftly moving in the opposite direction.
Nut-meg
A nutmeg (also called "megging") is a football (soccer) skill move
where a player
kicks the ball
between an
opponent’s legs
and quickly
retrieves it on
the other side.
Banana kick
A banana kick is a type of curved shot or pass in football (soccer) where the ball
swerves dramatically in the air, resembling the curve of a banana. It is commonly
used for free kicks, crosses, and long-range shots to bend the ball around
defenders or goalkeepers.
Volley
A volley in soccer is when a player strikes the ball before it touches the ground after it has been passed,
crossed, or deflected. Volleys are often powerful and difficult to execute, requiring good technique, timing, and
balance.
Types of Volleys:
⚽ Full Volley – The ball is struck while still in the air, without bouncing.
⚽ Half Volley – The ball is hit just after it bounces off the ground.
⚽ Side Volley – A volley struck with a side-foot motion, often used for passing.
⚽ Scissor Volley – A more advanced, acrobatic volley using a scissor-like motion.
Sliding tackle
A sliding tackle is a defensive move in football (soccer) where a player slides on the ground to
dispossess an opponent, block a pass, or stop a shot. It is a high-risk, high-reward technique
that requires perfect timing and precision to avoid committing a foul.
Bicycle kick :
A bicycle kick (also called an overhead kick or scissor kick) is an advanced
and acrobatic move where a player kicks the ball while airborne, with their
back facing the goal. The player throws their body backward into the air and
swings one leg to strike the ball, while the other leg moves in the opposite
direction, resembling a pedaling
motion on a bicycle.
 Offside
The offside rule in football (soccer)
prevents attacking players from gaining
an unfair advantage by positioning
themselves too close to the opponent’s
goal before receiving the ball.
When is a Player NOT Offside?
🚫 If they are level with the second-last
defender.
🚫 If they receive the ball behind the last
defender but from their own half.
🚫 If they get the ball from a goal kick,
throw-in, or corner kick.
GLT – Goal line technology
Goal-Line Technology (GLT) is a system used in football (soccer) to determine
whether the entire ball has crossed the goal line between the goalposts and
beneath the crossbar. It helps referees make accurate goal decisions, preventing
ghost goals (unclear goal situations).
How GLT Works:
High-Speed Cameras or Sensors track the ball's exact position.
Real-Time Data Processing
determines if the ball fully crosses the
goal line.
Instant Signal to Referee –
If a goal is confirmed,
the referee’s watch vibrates and displays
"GOAL" within one second.
Explain any four types of trapping.
• Inside foot trap: Using the inside of the foot to stop the ball.
• Outside foot trap: Using the outside of the foot to bring the ball
under control.
• Thigh trap: Using the thigh to cushion the ball and control it.
• Chest trap: Using the chest to bring a high ball under control.

Inside foot trap

What is meant by the term ‘Advantage’ in football?

In football (soccer), the advantage rule allows the referee to let play
continue after a foul if stopping the game would disadvantage the team that
was fouled. This ensures that the non-offending team can maintain a
favorable position or attack, promoting a fluid and fair game.
Write down the rules related to kicks from the penalty mark.

Steps to Resume Play from a Goal Kick:

[Link] of the Ball
1. The ball is placed inside the goal area (six-yard box) of the defending team.
[Link]' Positioning
1. All opposing players must remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play.
2. Defending players may remain inside the penalty area, but they cannot interfere with the kick.
[Link] the Kick
1. The ball is kicked by a goalkeeper or any player from the defending team.
2. The ball must be stationary when kicked.
[Link] in Play
1. The ball is in play as soon as it is kicked and clearly moves (it does not need to leave the penalty
area).
2. Opponents can only enter the penalty area after the ball is in play.
[Link] After the Kick
1. The kicker cannot touch the ball again until it has been touched by another player.
2. A goal can be scored directly from a goal kick only against the opponent's goal (not an own
goal). If the ball enters the kicker’s own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opponent.
Write 3 situation when a player is not off-side when he receives the
ball.

1. When the Player is in Their Own Half :A player cannot be offside if

they receive the ball while standing in their own half of the field,
even if there are no defenders ahead of them.
2. When the Ball is Played by an Opponent
3. A player cannot be offside if they receive the ball directly from the
following:
• A goal kick
• A throw-in
• A corner kick
The basic skills of football (soccer) are 3. Shooting
essential for players to develop their overall •Striking the ball to score a goal.
game. Here are the key fundamental skills: •Can involve different techniques such as
power shots, volleys, and finesse shots.
1. Passing 4. Ball Control (First Touch)
•The ability to accurately move the ball to a •The ability to control and settle the ball
teammate using different types of passes when receiving a pass.
(short pass, long pass, through ball, etc.). •Can use different parts of the body: feet,
•Uses the inside, outside, or instep of the thighs, chest.
foot for control and precision. 5. Heading
•Using the head to pass, clear, or score goals.
2. Dribbling •Requires timing, positioning, and proper
•Controlling the ball while moving to evade technique to avoid injury.
defenders. 6. Tackling
•Requires close control, quick changes of •Defensive skill to regain possession of the
direction, and balance. ball.
•Includes standing tackles and sliding tackles
while ensuring fair play.
Mention three fouls of a
goalkeeper that result in an
indirect free kick being awarded.
1. Holding the Ball for More Than 6
Seconds :
2. Handling the Ball After a
Teammate’s Deliberate Pass (Back-
Pass Rule)
3. Handling the Ball After a Throw-In
from a Teammate
If Ball crosses the If Ball crosses the goal line
touchline after being touched by the
goalkeeper (but no goal is
•Decision: Throw-in is scored)
awarded to the opposing •If it crosses the goal line
team of the player who outside the goalposts:
last touched the ball. • Corner kick is awarded to
•The throw-in is taken the attacking team if the
from the point where the goalkeeper was the last to
ball crossed the touchline. touch the ball.
A defending player
intentionally handles the ball
inside the penalty area

•Decision: Penalty kick

awarded to the attacking team.
•Additionally, the defender may
receive a yellow card (if
stopping an attack) or a red
card (if denying an obvious
goal-scoring opportunity).
THROW IN
A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in

if the ball enters the opponents’ goal – a goal kick is awarded

if the ball enters the thrower’s goal – a corner kick is awarded

Procedure
• At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must stand facing the field of play
• have part of each foot on the touchline or on the ground outside the touchline
• throw the ball with both hands from behind and over the head from the point where it left the field of play
• All opponents must stand at least 2 m (2 yds) from the point on the touchline where the throw-in is to be taken.
• The ball is in play when it enters the field of play.
• If the ball touches the ground before entering, the throw-in is retaken by the same team from the same position.
If the throw-in is not taken correctly it is retaken by the opposing team.

If a player, while correctly taking a throw-in, deliberately throws the ball at an opponent in order to play the ball
again but not in a careless or a reckless manner or using excessive force, the referee allows play to continue.

The thrower must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player.
 Referee
And their duties
No. of officials = 4

1 – Referee
2 – Assistant Referees (Linesmen)
1 – Table official

Referee:
•The head official with the
final say on all decisions.
Assistant
Referees
(Linesmen):
Two officials who
stand on the
touchlines,
assisting with
calls like offsides
and throw-ins
1 – Table official
At higher levels, this official
assists with administrative tasks,
substitutions, and manages the
technical areas and added time.
 Duties of the referee

1. Enforces the rules of the game.

2. Controls the match in cooperation with the two assistant referees.
3. He ensures that the ball meets the requirements of the rule.
4. Ensures that players equipment are as per rule.
5. He acts as a time keeper and keeps the record of the match.
6. He stops, suspends and terminates the match, at his discretion, for any
infringement of the rules.
7. He allows play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in his
opinion, only slightly injured.
8. He punishes the more serious offence when a player commits more than one
offence at the same time.
9. He acts on the advice of assistant referees regarding incidents which he has not
seen.
[Link] restarts the match after is has been stopped.
 Duties of assistant referee

Two assistant referees are appointed whose duties are to indicate:

 when the whole of the ball has passed out of the field of play.
 which side is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in.
 when a player may be penalised for being in an offside position.
 when a substitution is requested.
 when misconduct or any other incident has occurred out of the view of the
referee.
 when offences have been committed whenever the assistants are closer to
the action than the referee (this includes, in particular circumstances, offences
committed in the penalty area)
 whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper has moved forward before the ball
has been kicked and if the ball has crossed the line.
Duties to be performed by the captain
of the team
[Link] in the coin toss.
[Link] as team’s Liaison – they are
responsible for communicating the team’s
concerns, clarifying decisions, and
ensuring that the team’s voice.
[Link] by example on and off the field.
[Link] with Referees
[Link] the Team
[Link] Tactical Adjustments
ORGANIZATIONS
AIFF –
Key Responsibilities of AIFF:
✔Managing Indian National Teams – Men's, Women's,
and Youth teams
✔ Organizing Domestic Leagues & Tournaments –
Indian Super League (ISL), I-League, Federation Cup,
etc.
✔Grassroots Development & Coaching Programs –
Training young players and coaches
✔ Affiliated with FIFA, AFC, and SAFF – Represents
India in international football
Major Initiatives:
⚽ Vision 2047 – AIFF’s long-term roadmap to make
India a top football nation in Asia
⚽ AIFF Academy System – Developing future football
talent
⚽ Club Licensing & Development – Improving
professional football clubs
 IFAB – International Football Association Board
The International Football Association Board (IFAB) is the
organization responsible for defining and maintaining the Laws
of the Game in football (soccer). It was founded in 1886 and is
independent of FIFA, though FIFA is a key member.
Key Functions of IFAB:
✔ Sets and updates the Laws of the Game (e.g., handball rule,
Members of IFAB: offside rule, VAR)
Four British Football ✔ Ensures fairness and consistency in football regulations
Associations – England (FA), worldwide
Scotland (SFA), Wales (FAW), ✔ Tests and approves new rule changes before global
and Northern Ireland (IFA)
🔵 FIFA – Represents the rest of implementation
the world’s football community ✔ Works closely with FIFA and other football bodies to improve
Each of the four British the game
associations has one vote, while
FIFA has four votes. A rule
change requires at least 6 out of
8 votes to pass.
 NATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL
TOURNAMENTS
LINKED WITH THE
GAME
Questions
for
practice.
Q – Explain the procedure that the referee should follow to decide the winner if a
football match ends in a draw during regular time.

Q – What are the basic skills of football?

Q – Write down the rules related to kicks from the penalty mark.

Q – What is a ‘Technical Area’ in football? State the importance of technical area.

Q – What is the procedure of resuming the game from the goal kick?

Q – List any three duties to be performed by the captain of the team.

Q – How many players substitution are allowed to a team during a match? What
is the procedure adopted in the above situation?
Q – Mention three fouls of a goalkeeper that result in an indirect free kick being awarded.

Q – Write short notes on international tournaments of football?

Q – Mention 3 fouls of a goalkeeper that result in an indirect free kick being awarded.

Q – Write 4 situation when a player is not off side when he receives the ball.

Q – give three offences for which a yellow card is shown to a player.

If the Same Player Touches the Ball
Q – What decision will the referee give in an the following cases? Twice Before Another Player:
a) At a kick-off the same player touched the ball a second time. •The referee awards an indirect free
kick to the opposing team from the
b) Ball crosses the touch line.
place where the second touch occurred.
c) Ball crosses the goal line being touched by the goal keeper.
d) During a penalty kick the ball rebounds from the crossbar and the same player kicks the ball to
score a goal.
e) A defense player intentionally handles the ball in the penalty area.
f) When the ball crosses the touch line.
g) At a kick off the same player touches the ball a second time.
Q. Mention any three circumstances when time is lost or wasted during the course of play
and that is added at the end of each playing session?

Q2. Draw a diagram of football field and mark the following with measurements:
1. A touch line
2. A goal line
3. A goal area
4. A penalty area
5. A center circle

Q3. Draw a well labelled diagram of a goal post, showing all its dimensions.
 CONCEPT
BASED
QUESTIONS
Q1. During a throw-in, the
player throws the ball and
then touches it again before
it touches another player.
What will be the referee’s
decision?

Ans - Indirect free kick to

the opposing team from the
point where the second
touch occurred.
Q2. During a penalty kick, the kicker passes
the ball slightly forward instead of shooting,
and a teammate runs in and scores.

The goal will be disallowed. Restart with an

indirect free kick to the defending team from
the spot of the penalty (because the kicker did
not kick forward / procedure not followed
properly).
Q3. A goalkeeper, while holding the ball in his hands inside his
own penalty area, delays the release of the ball for more than 6
seconds.

Indirect free kick to the opposing team from the point where the
goalkeeper held the ball too long.

The new version (from Law changes 2025/26)

increases that limit to eight seconds. If the
goalkeeper exceed that, the restart is now a
corner kick for the opposing team (not an
indirect free kick)
Q4. While taking a corner kick, the ball curves
and goes directly into the opponent’s goal without
touching any other player.

Goal is awarded.
Q5. A player is in an offside
position but does not interfere
with play or touch the ball.
Another teammate (who is
onside) scores a goal .

Goal stands; no offside offence is

committed.
Q6. During play, the referee
accidentally gets hit by the ball,
and it directly leads to a goal- According to a law-change notice
(IFAB 2025/26), if a player from
scoring opportunity for one Team A kicks the ball which then
team. “accidentally” touches the referee,
and the ball then goes to an
opponent in a position to score, the
Play continues; no foul/offence. restart is an indirect free kick to the
team that lost possession (i.e. the
The ball is in play (unless the opponent of the player who last
ball is out or other stoppage). touched the ball). That is, play is
stopped, an indirect free kick is
Accidental hitting of referee is awarded. This is new clarification.
normal.
Q7. While attempting a back
pass to the goalkeeper, a
defender kicks the ball and
the goalkeeper picks it up
with his hands.

Indirect free kick to the

attacking team from where
the goalkeeper handled the
ball.
Q8. During a dropped ball,
one player deliberately kicks
the ball directly into the
opponent’s goal without any Law 8 – Dropped Ball: goal
cannot be scored directly
other player touching it. from a dropped ball unless
touched by two players; if
Goal is not awarded. Restart enters goal without touches,
restart is goal-kick or
is a goal-kick to the corner depending on which
defending team. goal
To be continued in Class 12………………………………………………..