Quantity

Surveying

INTRODUCTION
ENGR. RODEL M. TELAN

Civil EngineeringDepartment
School of Architecture, Computing, and
1. Understand the Role and Scope
of Quantity Surveying
2. Explore the Bidding Process
in Construction Projects
3. Identify and Interpret Key Documents
and Standards in Bidding
QUANTITY SURVEYING
refers to the estimation of materials as well as
the final project cost

COST ESTIMATING
One of the most important steps in project
management. It establishes the base line of
the predicted project cost a t different stages
of development of the project
COST ESTIMATING
! An estimate should be realistic assessment
and should be made on actual conditions
of the market.

! A good estimation saves the expenditure to

a great extent and ensures optimum use of
materials.

! Estimation requires good knowledge on

structural design, property or engineering
materials and essentially practical experience.
COST ESTIMATING
In summary:

A good quantity surveyor must have

a sound knowledge in building
materials and construction customs
prevailing in the trade.
REVIEW OF SPECIFICATIONS
AND PLANS/DETAILS

design
team
project
management
team/consultant

general
contractor
owner
REVIEW OF SPECIFICATIONS
AND PLANS/DETAILS

Owner is the person or entity or

authorized representative thereof
who signed the Contract
as Owner.

owner
REVIEW OF SPECIFICATIONS
AND PLANS/DETAILS

Owner is represented by an
OWNER'S REPRESENTATIVE, who is the
person or entity commissioned by
the Owner or authorized in writing by
the Owner to act on his behalf.

project management
team/consultant
REVIEW OF SPECIFICATIONS
AND PLANS/DETAILS
The Design Team are firms/companies
who drafts, edits and finalize
preconstruction drawings
and specifications for the owners and
representative’s approval.

design
team
REVIEW OF SPECIFICATIONS
AND PLANS/DETAILS
A Contractor is the person or firm
duly registered and licensed by the
Philippine Contractors Accreditation
Board whose bid proposal has been
accepted and to whom was awarded
the Contract to execute the work.
general
contractor
REVIEW OF SPECIFICATIONS
AND PLANS/DETAILS
A Contractor is the person or firm
duly registered and licensed by the
Philippine Contractors Accreditation
Board whose bid proposal has been
accepted and to whom was awarded
the Contract to execute the work.
general
contractor
REVIEW OF SPECIFICATIONS
AND PLANS/DETAILS
A Subcontractor is a contractor duly
registered and licensed by the
Philippine Contractors Accreditation
Board who signs a construction
Contract with the main contractor.

general
contractor
 TERMS IN RELATION TO
THE BIDDING
PROCESS
Invitation to Bid a notice published by the Owner or the
invitation issued to prospective
Bid Documents bidders, giving information as to the
nature of the proposed project,
Bid Bulletin conditions for the issuance of Contract
documents, date of bidding, and
Bid information that would give the
Contractor a general idea of the
Bid Bond magnitude and extent of the project.
 TERMS IN RELATION TO
THE BIDDING
PROCESS
Invitation to Bid collectively refer to all documents
provided or made available to
Bid Documents prospective bidders, which include the
Invitation to Bid and a copy of the
Bid Bulletin Contract which the winning bidders
would be required to sign with the
Bid Owner and the Contract Documents.

Bid Bond
 TERMS IN RELATION TO
THE BIDDING
PROCESS
Invitation to Bid contains additional
Bid Documents information on Bid Documents
issued to bidders before
Bid Bulletin the date of bidding.
Bid

Bid Bond
 TERMS IN RELATION TO
THE BIDDING
PROCESS
Invitation to Bid the tender, or proposal, or
Bid Documents quotation, or offer of a bidder
to perform the work described
Bid Bulletin in the Contract.
Bid

Bid Bond
 TERMS IN RELATION TO
THE BIDDING
PROCESS
Invitation to Bid serves as a guarantee that
Bid Documents
the bidder will enter into the
Contract with the Owner
Bid Bulletin for the construction of the
Bid
work, if the Contract is
awarded to him.
Bid Bond
CONTRACT FOR PRIVATE
CONSTRUCTION
term used to describe the Contract
combination of two sets of
documents: the agreement Agreement
and contract documents.
Contract Documents
CONTRACT FOR PRIVATE
CONSTRUCTION
the term used to describe Contract
the agreement signed by the
owner and the contractor, Agreement
excluding the contract
documents.
Contract Documents
 CONTRACT FOR PRIVATE
CONSTRUCTION
the documents attached to
Contract
the Agreement identified
therein as Contract
Documents, including all Agreement
additions, deletions and
modifications incorporated to Contract Documents
those Contract Documents.
 Contract Documents

are instructions which are issued prior to bidding to supplement

special provisions and/or modify the Drawings, Specifications and/or General
and conditions Conditions of the Contract.

define the basic rights, responsibilities, risk allocations, and

general conditions contractual relationship of the Owner and Contractor, and establish
how the Contract is to be administered.

are the written or printed description of the work to be done

specifications describing qualities of the material to be used, the equipment to be
installed and the mode of construction.

are graphical presentations of the Work, including supplementary

drawings
details and shop drawings.

other bid these includes bill of quantities, and forms and qualification
documents information
Work
is all Contractor-provided labor and/or materials, as
well as equipment, transportation or other facilities
necessary to commence and complete construction
and to fulfill all his obligations per the Contract.

The WORK must be completed within a certain TIME

LIMIT or COMPLETION TIME. The OWNER shall issue a
written CHANGE ORDER to the Contractor to authorize
changes or variations in the work whether or not it
requires an adjustment in the Contract Price or Contract
Time.
Costs
means all expenditures properly incurred or to be
incurred, whether on or off the site, including overhead
and other charges properly allocable thereto but does
not include any allowance for profit. The Contractor
incurs costs when performing the WORK.

Guarantee Bond
is furnished as a guarantee of the quality of the
materials provided, the equipment installed, and the
workmanship performed by the Contractor.
Payment Bond
is furnished as a guarantee of good faith on the part of
the Contractor to faithfully comply with the Contract in
respect of its obligations arising therefrom to its
workers, subcontractors, and suppliers.

Performance Bond
is furnished as a guarantee of good faith on the part of
the Contractor to execute the Work in accordance with
the Contract.
ACTS OF GOD OR FORCE
MAJEURE
refer to any event beyond the reasonable control of the
Owner or the Contractor, as the case may be, and which
is unavoidable not withstanding the reasonable
care of the party affected and shall include, without
limitation

1 War, hostilities or warlike operations (whether a state of war

be declared or not), invasion, act of foreign enemy, civil war;

Rebellion, revolution, insurrection, mutiny, usurpation of civil

2 or military government, conspiracy, riot, civil commotion,
terrorist acts;
ACTS OF GOD OR FORCE
MAJEURE
refer to any event beyond the reasonable control of the
Owner or the Contractor, as the case may be, and which
is unavoidable notwithstanding the reasonable
care of the party affected and shall include, without
limitation

Confiscation, nationalization, mobilization, commandeering

3 or requisition by or under the order of any government or de

jure or de facto authority or ruler or any other act or failure
to act of any local or state or national government authority;

4 Shortage of labor, materials or utilities where caused by

circumstances that are themselves Force Majeure.
ACTS OF GOD OR FORCE
MAJEURE
refer to any event beyond the reasonable control of the
Owner or the Contractor, as the case may be, and which
is unavoidable notwithstanding the reasonable
care of the party affected and shall include, without
limitation

Strike, sabotage, lock-out, embargo, import restriction, port

5 congestion, lack of usual means of public transportation

and communication, industrial dispute, shipwreck, shortage
or restriction of power supply, epidemics, quarantine,
plague;

6 Earthquake, landslide, volcanic activity, fire, flood, inundation,

tidal wave, typhoon or cyclone, hurricane, storm, lightning, or
other inclement weather condition, nuclear and pressure
Written Notice
means information, advice or notification
pertinent to the project delivered in person
or sent by registered mail, or by courier to
an individual, firm or corporation a t the
latter’s last known business address.
ESTIMATING
It is the process of looking into the future and
trying to predict project costs and resource
requirements. To minimize errors, a consistent
procedure or set of steps for preparing an estimate
is needed to minimize errors and achieve reliable
results.
Purpose
Main
• to know in advance the expected cost in varying degree of
accuracy, a t different phases of the project.
ESTIMATING
It is the process of looking into the future and
trying to predict project costs and resource
requirements. To minimize errors, a consistent
procedure or set of steps for preparing an estimate
is needed to minimize errors and achieve reliable
results.
Purpose
Owner’s
• Making investment decision in the conceptual stage.
• Negotiate and finalize the contract a t the implementation
phase.
ESTIMATING
It is the process of looking into the future and
trying to predict project costs and resource
requirements. To minimize errors, a consistent
procedure or set of steps for preparing an estimate
is needed to minimize errors and achieve reliable
results.
Purpose
Contractor’s
• Determine project cost and profit.
• To Implement cost control measure.
• To develop d a t a base for that can be used for future project.
ACHIEVING THE COST
ESTIMATING TRIFECTA
You calculate your Money
cost, apply your mark
up, and present the Accuracy
total to your customer.
Speed
ACHIEVING THE COST
ESTIMATING TRIFECTA
Your business will only
prosper if your estimating is Money
accurate, so you make a
profit without giving your Accuracy
customers any unpleasant
surprises between a
preconstruction estimate and Speed
the final amount to be paid.
ACHIEVING THE COST
ESTIMATING TRIFECTA
Customers want their Money
estimates rapidly. For
commercial and industrial
projects, customers Accuracy
are unlikely to wait weeks
for your cost estimate. Speed
TYPES OF ESTIMATE
Conceptual

When? How?

A representative unit
Prior to the is multiplied by a price
commencement of per unit to obtain a
design gross estimate (± 10%
accuracy) of the
facility cost.
TYPES OF ESTIMATE
Preliminary

When? How?

By the architect or
40% completion of the
engineer to reflect
total design
expected costs based
on more definitive data
TYPES OF ESTIMATE
Engineer

When? How?

• Total job cost minus

Detail design is
mark-up
accomplished • Should achieve
approximately ±3%
accuracy.
TYPES OF ESTIMATE
Bid ( Contractor)

When? How?

• On the basis of the

Bidding phase
bidding documents,
• Include a mark-up
for profit.
TYPES OF COST ESTIMATE
Direct Cost Indirect Cost
The costs of Are typically
materials, labor, allocated to a cost
equipment, etc. and object on some
all directly involved basis. All cost which
efforts or expenses are required for
for the cost objects. the completion
of the project.
PROCESS OF ESTIMATE
(BIDDING STAGE)
PREDESIGN PREBID SITE AWARDING OF
PHASE MEETING VISIT PROJECT

CONSEPTUAL INVITATION MATERIAL CLARIFICATION

ESTIMATE TO BID TAKE-OFF MEETING

PRELIMINARY PMT’S QUOTATION SUBMISSION

ESTIMATE ESTIMATE SOURCING OF BID

DESIGN MEETING WITH CONSTRUCTION TOTAL

PHASE THE CONSULTANT METHODOLOGY COST
PRE - BID
Pre - bid meetings are held during the bid/proposal
MEETING
preparation period. The purpose of a pre-bid meeting is to
clarify any concerns bidders may have with the solicitation
documents. The following topics should be discussed during
Pre - Bid Meeting:
Schedules Bid Proposal Submittals
• Pick Up of Plans and • Terms of Reference • Technical
Specifications • Scope of Work Qualifications
• Site Visit • Permits • Matrix of Scope
• Last day of Query • Methodology • Material Compliance
• Answer to Query • Total Duration • Manpower and
• Bid submission Equipment Loadings
• Construction
Schedule
SITE VISIT
Inspection of existing site conditions that should be
INSPECTION
incorporate in the preparation of Bid. The following are Survey
Report that should be noted during site visit inspections:

• Tapping Point • Green Field / Brown

(Water & Electricity) Field
• Site Access • Adjacent Structures
• Nearest Airport / •Temporary
Port Facilities /
• Local Supplier and Laydown Area
Subcontractor • Number of
• Petroleum Cost Trees to
ball-out or to
BID
Technical drawings that show what is to be built for
PLANS
the purpose of bidding. The following Bid Plans should
be issued to all Bidders as a basis for Material Take-
off:
Site Development Plans
• Project Location
• Topographic Survey
• Access Roads
• Drainage Systems
• Tanks
BID
Technical drawings that show what is to be built for
PLANS
the purpose of bidding. The following Bid Plans should
be issued to all Bidders as a basis for Material Take-
off:
Structural Plans
• General Notes • Foundation Schedule
• Excavation Plan • Column Schedule
• Foundation Plan and Framings • Slab Schedule
• Underground Tanks • Beam Schedule
• Elevated Tanks • Structural Steel
BID
Technical drawings that show what is to be built for
PLANS
the purpose of bidding. The following Bid Plans should
be issued to all Bidders as a basis for Material Take-
off:
Architectural Plans
Floor Plans • Doors and Windows Schedule
• Specification Plans • Metal Works
• Wall Schedule • Miscellaneous Materials
• Façade
MATERIAL TAKE-OFF (MTO)
a term used in engineering and construction, and refers to a
list of materials with quantities and types that are required to
build a designed structure or item. This list is generated by
analysis of a blueprint or other design document. The
following items should be quantified based on the given
method of measurements:
Civil Works
• Clearing Grubbing • Disposal
• Excavation • Trimming
• Excavation Protection • Soil Poisoning
• Backfilling and Compaction
MATERIAL TAKE-OFF (MTO)
a term used in engineering and construction, and refers to a
list of materials with quantities and types that are required to
build a designed structure or item. This list is generated by
analysis of a blueprint or other design document. The
following items should be quantified based on the given
method of measurements:
Structural Works
• Concrete • Structural Steel
• Formworks • Concrete Accessories
• Reinforcing Bars
MATERIAL TAKE-OFF (MTO)
a term used in engineering and construction, and refers to a
list of materials with quantities and types that are required to
build a designed structure or item. This list is generated by
analysis of a blueprint or other design document. The
following items should be quantified based on the given
method of measurements:
Architectural Works
• Floor Finishes • Thermal Protection
• Walls • Doors and Hardware
• Wall Finishes • Windows
• Ceiling Finishes • Miscellaneous Items
GEOTECHNICAL
INVESTIGATION REPORTS
include surface exploration and subsurface exploration of
a site. Sometimes, geophysical methods are used to obtain
d a t a about sites. Subsurface exploration usually involves soil
sampling and laboratory tests of the soil samples retrieved.

Geotechnical Investigation results should be compared to the

depth of embedment of foundation as shown on the plans.
Soil Type, Hardness (Number of Blows, N) and Existing Water
Table should be noted for Equipment requirements.
PRICE QUOTATIONS

A quote is the last price a t which a security or

commodity traded, meaning the most recent
price on which a buyer and seller agreed and at
which some amount of the asset was
transacted.
SUPPLY materials or labor; Consider the following
important details in securing supply:

Direct Cost Project Name, location and Name of Client

List List of Materials or Services intended for the project.

Specifications Materials to be used, brands, testing and Specified

distributor/supplier.

Point of Delivery Laydown, Stock Pile or Project Location

Lead Time Expected material delivery schedule.

Incoterms Separation of responsibilities for duties, tax clearance,

customs, wharfage and freight.
(international shipment)
SUB CONTRACTED
Materials, fabrications, installation, application, delivery and
included preliminaries. Consider the following important
details in securing Sub-Contracted Materials:

• Description of the Project - Project Name, location and Name of Client

• List of Materials or Services - List of Materials or Services intended for the
project.
• Specifications - Materials to be used, brands, testing and specified
distributor/supplier.
• Preliminary Cost - Mob, Demob, Tempacil, Utilities, Bonds and
Testing
• Lead Time - Expected material delivery schedule.
• Terms and Conditions - Terms of payments, validity of quote,
inclusions and
exclusions.
PRELIMINARIES
Preliminary costs are expenses that will be incurred during
construction, which are directly related to the running of the
project and have not been included in the materials, labor or
overheads. They are calculated individually for each project
as a lump sum and added to the first cost, during the finalizing
of the tender.
• Mobilization/Demobilization – Activation of a contractor’s physical and
manpower resources for transfer to a construction site until the
completion of the contract.
• Temporary Facilities – are offices and accommodation buildings
including warehouse, utilities including water and electricity and
infrastructures including access way, and security systems to be used for
the construction activities.
PRELIMINARIES
Preliminary costs are expenses that will be incurred during
construction, which are directly related to the running of the
project and have not been included in the materials, labor or
overheads. They are calculated individually for each project
as a lump sum and added to the first cost, during the finalizing
of the tender.
• Permit and Taxes
• Bonds and Insurances
• Testing and Commissioning – to be carried out on installations to ensure
that materials are safe and meet the design requirements.
• Site Supervision – means the general direction, coordination and
oversight of on-site work processes.
PRELIMINARIES
Preliminary costs are expenses that will be incurred during
construction, which are directly related to the running of the
project and have not been included in the materials, labor or
overheads. They are calculated individually for each project
as a lump sum and added to the first cost, during the finalizing
of the tender.

• Shop Drawings & Submittals

• Safety and Security – Safety requirements that will conform in the
construction standards.
• Owner and PMT Services and Requirements – List of services and
requirements of the Owner and PMT including consumables.
BILL OF
QUANTITIES
a document used in tendering in the
construction industry / supplies in which
materials, parts, and labor (and their costs) are
itemized. It also details the terms and conditions
of the construction or repair contract and
itemizes all work to enable a contractor to price
the work for which he or she is bidding.
SUBMITTALS
attachments that should be included in the Bid.

• Technical Qualifications – All considerations and exclusions.

• Material Compliance - All materials should comply on the
specification, otherwise, an equivalent should be provided.
• Matrix of Scope - Detailed activities with corresponding parties
responsible.
• Construction Schedule - Total Duration with corresponding
construction works
• Loadings - Equipment and Manpower that will be mobilized in the
project.