Programming For Problem Solving (PFPS)
Decision Control/Selection
Statements Using If
Control Statements in C
• In C, programs are executed sequentially in the order of which
they appear.
• This condition does not hold true always. Sometimes a
situation may arise where we need to execute a certain part
of the program.
• Also it may happen that we may want to execute the same part
more than once.
• Control statements enable us to specify the order in which
the various
• instructions in the program are to be executed.
• They define how the control is transferred to other parts of the
program.
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Classification of Control Statements
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Selection Statements
• The selection statements are also known as Branching or
Decision Control Statements.
• Sometime we come across situations where we have
to make a decision.
• Decision making structures require the programmer to
specify one or more conditions to be evaluated or tested
by the program, along
• If the condition is determined to be true, a statement or
a set of statements is to be executed
• Otherwise if the condition is found to be false, the other
statement or a set of statements to be executed
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if Statement
• The if statement allows us to put some decision-making
into our programs.
• The general form of the if statement is:
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if Statement
• Syntax of if statement:
if (condition )
{
Statement 1;
…………..
Statement n;
}
//Rest of the code
• If the condition is true(nonzero), the statement will be
executed. If the condition is false(0), the statement will not be
executed.
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Example of if Statement
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if-else Statement
• The if statement is used to execute only one action. If
there are two statements to be executed
alternatively, then if-else statement is used.
• The if-else statement is a two way branching
statement as another group of statements is
executed if the expression evaluates to false.
• The group of statements after the if is called an ‘if
block’.
• Similarly, the statements after the else form the ‘else
block’.
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if-else Statement
• The general syntax of simple if - else statement is:
• Where, statement may be a single statement or a
block.
• If we desire that multiple statements be executed on
a branch, we must block them inside of a pair of
opening and closing curly braces to make them a
single compound statement.
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if-else Statement
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Example of if-else Statement
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Example of if-else Statement
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Nested if-else statement
• An entire if-else construct can be written within either
the body of the if statement or the body of an else
statement.
• This is called ‘nesting’ of ifs. This is shown in the
structure given in the figure for syntax of nested if-else
construct.
• From the syntax it is clear that:
– If test condition – 1 is false, statemet3 is executed
otherwise test condition-2 is tested.
– If test condition – 2 is true, statemet1 is executed
otherwise statemet2 is executed .
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Syntax of Nested if-else construct
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Flowchart of Nested if-else construct
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Example of Nested if-else Statement
Write a program to check whether the given number is even or odd using nested if-else
statement.
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Example of Nested if-else Statement
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The if-else-if/else-if Ladder
• When we are faced with a situation in which a program must
select from many processing alternatives based on the value of
a single variable, a multi-way decision statement is required
• In C if-else-if ladder helps user decide from among multiple
options.
• The C if statements are executed from the top down.
• As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the
statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of
the C else-if ladder is bypassed.
• If none of the conditions is true, then the final else statement
will be executed.
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General form of the if-else-if Ladder
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Flowchart of if-else-if Ladder
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Example of if-else-if Ladder
Write a program to check to check for the relation between two numbers using if-else-if
ladder.
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