CASE STUDY
Analysis and Design of Roofing System over Staircase
Presented by –
Shreyank Bhavsar | PSD24360
Chinmay Soni | PSD24074
Akshay Deore | PSD24021
STRUCTURE SPECIFICATIONS:
• Location : Commerce Six Metro Station, Ahmedabad
• Purpose : Roofing System for Staircase
• Length : 35.00 m
• Breadth : 3.35 m
• Area Covered : 117.25 m2
• Structural System : Steel Portal Frame
LOAD PATH:
PURLIN
ROOF
BEAM COLUMN BASE PLATE PEDESTAL
Actual Photos of the Site
SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS
200 MM DEEP RAINWATER GUTTER CONNECTION BETWEEN COLUMN, RAFTER AND PURLING RAFTER PURLING
200 MM DEEP RAINWATER GUTTER CONNECTION BETWEEN COLUMN, RAFTER AND PURLING RAFTER PURLING
x x
x x
4000 4000 5000 7000 7000 8000
LVL 0000
LVL 1500
LVL 1500
LVL 3500
LVL 5500
LVL 8000
LVL 8000
4000 4000 5000 7000 7000 8000
LVL 0000
LVL 1500
LVL 1500
LVL 3500
LVL 5500
LVL 8000
LVL 8000
PLAN VIEW
PLAN VIEW
3100
3100
CORRUGATED ROOF SHEET 200 MM DEEP RAINWATER GUTTER
PURLING (100MM X 100MM X 2.0 MM)
RAFTER (150MM X 100MM X 3.6 MM)
3100
8000
STEEL COLUMN
3100
3100
5500
4600
4600
COLUMN (175MM X 175MM X 4.0MM)
3500
125MM CONCRETE SLAB
1500
3000 GL
4000 4000 5000 7000 7000 8000
12MM BOLT
8MM FILLET WELD 100
100
PURLING
RAFTER (150MM X 100MM X 3.6 MM)
RAFTER
3100
16MM BOLT
150
20MM BASE PLATE
2 2
RAFTER
COLUMN
175
175
COLUMN
4
3.6
340
175
150
100
175 100 100
COLUMN RAFTER PURLIN
270
SECTION AT 2-2
CROSS SECTION OF MEMBERS
CONNECTION
DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS
Load Considerations :
A. Dead Load of Roofing Sheet : Load on End Purlin due to Dead Load and Live Load :
Density of Roofing Sheet : 78.50 KN/m3 UDL on the Purlin
Thickness of Roofing Sheet : 0.8 mm Width of tributary area = 0.53 m
Self Weight of Roofing Sheet : Density x Thickness Load on Purlin = Imposed Load of Roofing x Width of T.A.
: 78.50 x 0.0008 = 0.75*0.53
: 0.0628 KN/m2 = 0.40 KN/m
B. Live Load :
Imposed load for non accessible roof = 0.75 KN/m 2 Load on Intermediate Purlin due to Dead Load and Live Load :
UDL on the Purlin
Width of tributary area = 1.06 m
Load on Purlin = Imposed Load of Roofing x Width of T.A.
= 0.75*1.06
= 0.80 KN/m
DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS
Design Wind Speed: Design Wind Pressure:
Vz = K1 K2 K3 K4 Vb Pd = Kd Ka Kc Pz
Where, K1 = 1 , for 50 years where, Kd = 0.90 , for Non circular shape
K2 = 1
Ka = 1 , Tributary area = 8.48 m² < 10 m²
K3 = 1 for terrain category 2
Kc = 1 , Local Co-efficient
K4 = 1
= 0.474kN/m²
Vb = 39 m/s , for Ahmedabad
Wind pressure reduce 20%
Vz = 1x1x1x1x39 m/s
= 0.380kN/m²
Wind Pressure:
Pd= 1x0.9x0.73
Pz = 0.6 Vz2 = 0.6*392 = 0.9126 KN/m²
Pd=0.657 kN/m²
Except last bay height < 10 m
So, reducing wind pressure by 20% 0.7 Pz = 0.7x0.73=0.511 kN/m²
Pz for bay 1 to 4 = 0.73 KN/m² Pd> 0.7Pz
Axial Capacity of Column
INPUTS
1Grade of steel = E250
2Width w = 175mm
3Depth d = 175mm
Thickness t = 4mm
4Length L = 3.35m
5Effective length factor K = 1
6Modulus of elasticity of steel E = 200000N/mm2
7Buckling about axis = z-z
8Partial safety for yield gm0 = 1.1
CALCULATION
1C/S area A = 2736.00mm2
2Moment of inertia about z-z I = 13341192.00mm4
3Moment of inertia about y-y I = 13341192.00mm4
4Radius of gyration z-z rz = 69.83mm
5Radius of gyration y-y ry = 69.83mm
6 fy = 250N/mm2
7 fu = 410N/mm2
8e = 1
9Flange = 41.75Non slender
10Web = 41.75Non slender
11Effective area Ae = 2736.00mm2
12Slenderness ratio about z-z = 47.97
13Euler's buckling stress fcc = 857.7N/mm2
14Non-dimensional slenderness ratio l = 0.54
15Buckling class = a
16Imperfaction factor a = 0.21
17F F = 0.68
18Stress reduction facot c = 0.91
19Design compression stress fcd = 207.1N/mm2
CHECK
Pd = 566.7kN
Design Philosophy
• Support Condition at base – Pin Support n = 5.342/288 = 0.0155
• Purlins are restrained at their supports α1 = 1.66, α2 = 1.66
• Column is subjected to biaxial bending
• Rafter to be designed as Laterally Supported
This value comes to 0.29 which is less than
Member. 1 hence satisfied.
Design of Rafter
Section Size – 150X100X3.6 mm
Fy -250 N/mm2
Zez = 86.93 x 103 mm3
Zpz = 607.44 x 103 mm3
Finding moment capacity :
Mdz = [Link]/γmo
Mdz = 138.05 KN-m
Using CL. 9.3.1
N (actual axial force) = 5.342 KN Nd (axial capacity) = 288 KN
Result Interpretation
Staad Results Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment ( Column )
(N/Nd)+(My/Mdy)+(Mz/Mdz) ≤1 ( Cl [Link]) (Plastic section)
Rafter
My 2.673 Factored bending moment My (Kn.M) (STAAD VALUE) 9.303
KN-m
Mz 6.59 Factored bending moment Mz(Kn.M) (STAAD VALUE) 6.517
KN-m
Fx 5.342 KN
Fy 10.206 KN Section details
Fz 4.931 KN Cross-section area (mm2) 1070
Section Modulus Ze 148930
Column Plastic modulus Zp 171900
My 9.303 KN-m Moment of inertia (mm4) 963600
Mz 6.517 KN-m Design Check
Fx 17.376 KN Md=βbZpfy/ϒm0
Fy 2.679 KN Md = 1x171900x250/1.1
Fz 3.578 KN Yield stress of the materail fy (MPa) 250
ϒm0 1.1
Purlin Md (KN.m) 39.06
My 0.49 KN-m N (KN) 17.736
Mz 7.934 KN-m Nd (KN) 566.7
Fx 3.539 KN (N/Nd)+(My/Mdy)+(Mz/Mdz) = 0.43 ≤1
Fy 5.895 KN
Therefore column member is safe against combined axial force and bending
Fz 0.217 KN
DEFLECTION
MAX DEFLECTION IN X-: MAX DEFLECTION IN Y-: MAX DEFLECTION IN Z-:
9.33 mm 15.181 mm 7.98 mm
Allowable Deflection – Allowable Deflection – Allowable Deflection –
3100/300 = 10.33 mm 8000/300 = 26.67 mm 3350/300 = 11.16 mm
KEY OBSERVATION
• When the purlin is considered simply supported, the overall lateral
deflection of the structure is high. However, when the purlin is
connected to the curved beam (rafter), the deflection is significantly
reduced. This is due to the partial fixity between the purlin and the
curved beam, which induces torsional moments in the rafter that are
not accounted for in the current design.
• Based on our analysis and calculations, the selected section is
conservative.