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Understanding Shaft Torsion Mechanics

A shaft is a rotating machine component that transmits power and experiences torsion when a tangential force is applied. The theory of pure torsion assumes the material is homogeneous, isotropic, and follows Hook's law, while the shaft is circular and subjected only to pure torque. The document also outlines the derivation of the torsional equation and discusses the power transmission capabilities of a shaft.

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4 views13 pages

Understanding Shaft Torsion Mechanics

A shaft is a rotating machine component that transmits power and experiences torsion when a tangential force is applied. The theory of pure torsion assumes the material is homogeneous, isotropic, and follows Hook's law, while the shaft is circular and subjected only to pure torque. The document also outlines the derivation of the torsional equation and discusses the power transmission capabilities of a shaft.

Uploaded by

ayush
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Torsion of Shafts

 A shaft is a rotating part of machine which transmits power from one point to other. When a force acts
tangentially at a point on the surface of the shaft it rotates or twist. The twisting is due to the moment of a
tangential force at the axis of rotation. The shaft is said to be in torsion.
 The study of behavior of the shaft in torsion without taking into account bending moment due to self-weight or
other longitudinal forces known as pure torsion.
The assumptions made in the Theory of Pure Torsion or made in deriving the equation for pure
torsion are as follows:
•The material is homogeneous and isotropic
•Hook's law is obeyed by the material.
•The shaft is circular in section.
•The cross-section of the shaft remains uniform throughout.
•The shaft is subjected to pure torque only.
•The shaft is not subjected to any initial torque.
•The transverse sections which were plane before application of torque remain plane even after application of
torque.
DERIVATION OF TORSIONAL EQUATION

R = Radius of the circular shaft


D = Diameter of the circular shaft
dr = Thickness of small elementary circular ring
r = Radius of the small elementary of circular ring
q = Shear stress at a radius r from the centre of the circular shaft
τ = Shear stress at outer surface of shaft
dA = Area of the small elementary of circular ring
dA = 2П x r x dr
Where,
C = G = Modulus of rigidity
L = Length of shaft
θ = Angle of twist (Radian)
power transmitted by a shaft

The main purpose of a shaft is to transmit its power to another member. Let a rotating shaft transmitting power
from one of its ends to another be considered.
Let N be the revolutions per minute (rpm), T be the average torque N · m and ω be the angular speed of the shaft.

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