Classification of Fungi
Eukaryote
Kingdome Phylum Class
True Fungi Ascomycota Archiascomycetes
Septate Plectomycetes/Euratiomycetes
Pyrenomycetes
chitin Discomycetes
Dothidiomycetes /Loculoascomycetes
Deuteromycetes
Basidiomycota Pucciniomycetes/Teliomycetes
Ustilaginomycetes
Agaricomycetes
Zygomycota Zygomycetes
Trichomycetes
Chytridiomycota Chytridiomycetes
Monoblepharidomycetes
CHROMISTA/ STRAMINIPILA Oomycota Oomycetes
(Water Mould/Lower Fungi) Hyphochytriomycota Hyphochytriomycetes
Labyrinthulomycota Labyrinthulea
PROTOZOA (slime moulds) Plasmodiophoromycota Plasmodiophoromycetes
Myxomycota Myxomycetes
Acrasiomycota Acrasiomycetes
Dictyosteliomycota Dictyosteliomycetes
Fungi/True fungi /Higher Fungi
Cell wall made up of chitin /Septate fungi
True/higher fungi
Sexual spores are known as ascospore, zygospore, basidiospore
Asexual spore is known as Conidia
Mostly haploid or dikaryotic
• Usually zoospores (motile) having one posterior whiplash-type flagellated in Chytridiomycota
Reserve material is glycogen (polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in fungi and animals.)
Manly four phylum (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridiomycota) are given below
Ascomycota
Sac fungi (Ascus containing eight sexual spores known as ascospores)
Asci produced within Fruiting body (Ascocarp)
Mycelium septate expect Cytridiomycota
Unicellular
1. Archiascomycetes: No ascocarp (naked asci), Yeast, Peach leaf curl (Taphrina deformans ),
Protomyces
2. Plectomycetes/Euratiomycetes: Cleistothecium, Powdery Mildew, Aspergillus and Penicillium, and
Paecilomyces
3. Pyrenomycetes: Perithecia, Claviceps purpurea (ergot of rye),
Hypocrea, Gibberella, Magnaporthe, Glomerella, Claviceps, Melanospora, Nectria, Cordyceps,
Epichloe, Balansia, Ceratocystis
4. Discomycetes: Apothecia, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Storage fungi
Sclerotinia, Monilinia, Stromatinia, Pseudopeziza, Diplocarpon, Monilia
5. Dothidiomycetes /Loculoascomycetes: Ascostroma (Psudothecia), Apple scab
Mycosphaerella, Venturia, Capnodium, Cochliobolus, Pyrenophora, Pleospora, Setosphaera,
Leptosphaeria, Phoma, Ascochyta, Septoria
6 Deuteromycetes: Imperfect Fungi, Sexual reproduction and structures are rare or lacking or
unknown, Alternaria, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Pyricularia, Asexual fruiting body (Synemata,
Acervulli,)
Sexual
Fruiting Body
Peach leaf curl
Powdery mildew
Ergot rye-Claviceps
purpurea
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Stem rot
Venturia inaequalis
Apple scab
Basidiomycota
Eukaryote
Kingdome Phylum Class
True Fungi Basidiomycota Pucciniomycetes/Teliomycetes Rust fungi
Higher Fungi
Ustilaginomycetes Smut fungi
Agaricomycetes
Basidiomycota
Smut and Rust fungi/Club and mushroom fungi
Unicellular basidium (holobasidium), longitudinal and transvers septate basidium
(pharagmobasidium)
subphyla, viz., Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina
Dolipore septum
Clamp connection
Character
Smut and Rust fungi/Club and mushroom fungi
Bsidiocarp
1. Unicellular basidium (holobasidium)
2. longitudinal and transvers septate basidium
(pharagmobasidium)
Dikaryotic (paired haploid) nuclei (n + n)
Cell wall made of chitin
Sexual reproduction: basidiospores produced externally on
a club-like one or four celled basidium
Smut and Rust fungi/Club and mushroom fungi
Mycelium-Dolipore Septate
Basidiocarp (Fruiting Body)
1. Holobasidium –Mushroom
2. Phragmobasidium –Smut and rust
Clamp connection
Spores 5 types of spore
O= Pycniospore/ Spermatia
I= Aeciospore
II= Urediospore
III= Teliospore
IV= Basidiospore
Spermatia/ Pycnium
• Spermatia is a reproductive organ transferred by the
insect to receptive hyphae
• Pycnium (Flask shape ) bear haploid Pycniospore/
spermatia
• Spermatia having opposite meeting (“+” and “–”) type
• Sexual spore
Aecium/ Aeciospore
• First dikaryotic (sexual) spore is known as aeciospore
• Cup shape fruiting body known as Aecium
• Germinate on the barbary plant but primary infection on Wheat
crop
Uredospore or Uredium
• Only asexual spore is known as uredospores
• Dikaryotic spore
• Repeating spore
• Secondary infection-causing spore
• Infect wheat crop
Teliospore
• Thick wall Sexual bi-cell spore
• Also known as a Probesidum
• Capable to produced promycelium and
basidiospore
• Black color
Basidiospore (Sporidia)
• Basidiospore produced from the teliospore
• Capable to reinfect the host
Life cycle
Macrocyclic: 5 Stage of cycle
Macrocyclic: Aeciospore and uredospore absent
Demi cyclic: Lack uredial stage or uredospore
Life cycle of
Rust
Class- Pucciniomycetes/Teliomycetes
Wheat
• Yellow rust: Puccinia striiformis
• Brown rust: Puccinia recondita
• Black rust: Puccinia graminis tritici
• Rust of sunflower: Puccinia helianthin
• Rust of Bengal gram: Uromyces ciceris-arietini
• Rust Lentil: Uromyces fabae
• Rust coffee : Hemileia vastatrix
• Cedar rust Apple: Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
• Rust of Peach: Puccinia pruni-spinosae
• Rust of Rose: Phragmidium mucronatum
Kingdom Chromista or Straminipila
Lower fungi, Heterokonta, Pseudofungi, Pseudomycotina,
stramenopiles
Predominantly unicellular, filamentous, or colonial primarily
phototrophic organisms.
cell walls often cellulosic
Zoospore producing fungi with one or two flagella