Introduction
CSE 3313: Computer Architecture
Humaira Anzum Neha
Lecturer
Dept of CSE, UIU
humaira@[Link]
CC: Abu Humayed Azim Fahmid
Course Outline
Mid:
• Introduction
• Instruction set Architecture (MIPS) (15 Marks Approx)
• Arithmetic Algorithms (5 Marks Approx)
• Performance (10 Marks Approx.)
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Course Outline
Final:
• Datapath (10 Marks Approx)
• Pipeline (15 Marks Approx)
• Memory (15 Marks Approx)
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Course Policy
• Attendance: 5 Marks
• Class Test: 20 Marks (Best 3 out of 4)
• Assignment: 5 marks
• Mid Exam: 30 Marks
• Final Exam: 40 Marks
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Course Policy
🎯 Bonus Mark Alert!
• Bonus : There will be opportunities to grab some bonus marks. But only
if you’re super attentive throughout the class! (Being attentive doesn’t
mean you have all the answers—it just means you’re putting in the
effort.). “💪No hard work, No bonus!”
• Extra Bonus Marks: Write down notes, share them with others. Bonus
marks are yours!
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Now, let’s dig into our course and get started! 🚀
Focus of this Course
• How computers work
• MIPS instruction set architecture (ISA)
• The implementation of MIPS instruction set architecture
• Issues affecting modern processors
• Pipelining: processor performance improvement
• Cache: memory system, I/O systems
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Program
ming
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Terminologies
• Assembler
• A program that translates a symbolic version of instructions into the binary version.
• Assembly Language
• A symbolic representation of machine instructions.
• Compiler
• Translates a program written in a high-level language, such as C or Java, into assembly
language.
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S/W H/W Abstraction
•Application software:
• Word Processors, Email, Internet Browsers,
Games
•Systems software:
• Compilers, Operating Systems, device drivers
•Hardware:
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• Memory (RAM, ROM, Storage)
• I/O devices (mouse, keyboard, Monitor)
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Operating System
•Interfaces between a user’s program and the hardware and provides a variety of services
and supervisory functions.
•Functions:
• handling basic input and output operations.
• allocating storage and memory.
• providing for sharing the computer among multiple applications using it
simultaneously.
Examples of operating systems: Windows, Linux, and MacOS
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Organization of A Computer
Five Classic Components
Input
Writes data to memory 1
Processor
Output 4 Performs calculations
and processes
Reads data from 2 instructions to execute
memory
programs
Data-path
Memory
5 Handles the flow of data
between different
Stores data
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temporarily (RAM) or Control
permanently (hard Subcomponent within the data-
drives, SSDs) for path, responsible for directing
operations within the processor
immediate access by
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Memory
Primary Memory (RAM) Secondary Memory (Storage)
Faster Slower
Volatile Non-volatile
Expensive Less expensive
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12
Memory Organization
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Primary Memory
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• DRAM (Dynamic) – DDR4 RAM
• SRAM (Static) – Cache memory
1. SRAM is static while DRAM is dynamic
2. SRAM is faster compared to DRAM
3. SRAM consumes less power than DRAM
4. SRAM uses more transistors per bit of memory compared to DRAM
5. SRAM is more expensive than DRAM
6. Cheaper DRAM is used in main memory while SRAM is commonly used in cache memory
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Secondary Memory
1. ROM (Read Only Memory)
2. EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory)
3. CD-ROM
4. CD-R/W
5. Flash Memory (pen drive)
6. Floppy disk
7. Magnetic Tape
8. Hard disk
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