CO2
(EOR/CCS)
Mineralogy Identification (SEM Images of
NHK)
Mineralogy Identification (XRD)
XRD diffractograms of NHK sample
Depth Range - 2700-3000 m
Formation water analysis
Table 2: Result of ICP-OES analysis of formation water sample a
Table 1: Physical and chemical properties of formation water
Property Measured Value
pH (at 30 °C) 8.20
Density, kg/m3 (at 30 °C) 1014
Viscosity, cP (at 30 °C) 0.95
Total dissolved solids (mg/L) 3075
Salinity (mg/L) 2985
Modelling & Simulations Tools
Table 3: Lists of software's to be used for CO2 (EOR/CCS) modelling
Source Software's
USGS Asset Identifier Service (AIS) Aqueous Geochemical Calculations (PHREEQC)
[Link] PFLOTRAN
Berkeley Lab TOUGHREACT
Heriot-Watt, U. K Geochem Foam
SINTEF, Norway MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST)
[Link] tNavigator
Previous Works
Source Methodology
Kechut et al., (2011) • Core flood simulation
• Numerical simulation
Foroozesh et al., (2016) • Mathematical modeling of carbonated water injection (CWI)
• EOR and CO2 storage
• mass transfer kinetics
• compositional simulator is developed
• CWI core flood experiment simulation
• ECLIPSE300 commercial compositional simulator
• CWI (Carbonated water injection)
• EOR and CO2 sequestration purposes
Esene et al., (2019) • 3-D heterogeneous reservoir model (North Sea)
• Dissolution of CO2 in water is modeled by the Henry’s law
• Well placement strongly depends on the vertical and horizontal permeabilities in the reservoir
• CMG and MATLAB
Motie et al., (2019) • Depleted NFRs using CWI
• SMB model
• 1D compositional simulation
• sensitivity analyses
V e rtic a l-A v e ra g e d S im u la tio n o fth e Jo h a n s e n F o rm a tio n
Simple vertically averaged model
Early-stage migration
CO2 plume injected from a single well
Positioned near the main fault
Simulating 100 years on injection and
400 years of migration
Time: 500 years
Elapsed simulation time: 50.4829
seconds
C-accelerated solver
CO2 Injection Well Placements
Simulation results generated from MRST
CO2 Injection Tasks (EOR/CCS)
Simulation Results
The first 5 low-permeable layers
of the model simulate the caprock
for structural trapping of CO2
Simulation Results
Simulation Results
Simulation Results
Reference
s
• Parkhurst, D. L. (1995). User's Guide to PHREEQC: A Computer Program for Speciation, Reaction-path, Advective-transport,
and Inverse Geochemical Calculations. United States: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
• Esene, C., Zendehboudi, S., Aborig, A., & Shiri, H. (2019). A modeling strategy to investigate carbonated water injection for
EOR and CO2 sequestration. Fuel, 252, 710-721.
• Foroozesh, J., Jamiolahmady, M., & Sohrabi, M. (2016). Mathematical modeling of carbonated water injection for EOR and
CO2 storage with a focus on mass transfer kinetics. Fuel, 174, 325-332.
• Kechut, N. I., Jamiolahmady, M., & Sohrabi, M. (2011). Numerical simulation of experimental carbonated water injection (CWI)
for improved oil recovery and CO2 storage. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 77(1), 111-120.
• Motie, M., & Assareh, M. (2020). CO2 sequestration using carbonated water injection in depleted naturally fractured reservoirs:
A simulation study. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 93, 102893.