Introduction and Simple manipulations; numbers and Reading data from Package
preliminaries vectors files s
Chapter 1: Getting Started with R and
RStudio
Abdulbasit Hussein (PhD, Candidate), Haramaya
University
tel: 0922030252
Telegram: [Link]
September 02, 2025
Introduction and Simple manipulations; numbers and Reading data from Package
preliminaries vectors files s
Table of
contents
1 1. Introduction to R
- Overview of R and its applications
- Importance of R in data analysis
2. Installation of R
3. Data Importing in R
4. Package Installation in R
5. Descriptive Analysis in R
Introduction and preliminaries Simple manipulations; numbers and Reading data from Package
vectors files s
The R environment
R is an integrated suite of software facilities for data
manipulation, calculation and graphical display.
Among other things it has
an effective data handling and storage facility,
a suite of operators for calculations on arrays, in
particular matrices,
a large, coherent, integrated collection of
intermediate tools for data analysis,
graphical facilities for data analysis and display
either directly at the computer or on hardcopy, and
Introduction and preliminaries Simple manipulations; numbers and Reading data from Package
vectors files s
The R environment
The term ”environment” is intended to characterize
it as a fully planned and coherent system, rather
than an incremental accretion of very specific and
inflexible tools, as is frequently the case with other
data analysis software.
R is very much a vehicle for newly developing
methods of interactive data analysis. It has
developed rapidly, and has been extended by a
large collection of packages.
Introduction and preliminaries Simple manipulations; numbers and Reading data from Package
vectors files s
Related software and
documentation
R can be regarded as an implementation of the S
language which was developed at Bell Laboratories
by Rick Becker, John Chambers and Allan Wilks,
and also forms the basis of the S-Plus systems.
Introduction and Simple manipulations; numbers and Reading data from Package
preliminaries vectors files s
R and
statistics
R is not a statistical system like SAS and SPSS.
Think of R as an environment within which many
classical and modern statistical techniques have
been implemented. A few of these are built into the
base R environment, but many are supplied as
packages.
There are about 25 packages supplied with R
(called ”standard” and ”recommended” packages)
and many more are available through the CRAN
family of Internet sites (via [Link]
[Link]) and elsewhere. More details on
packages are given later.
Introduction and preliminaries Simple manipulations; numbers and Reading data from Package
vectors files s
R and the window system
The most convenient way to use R is at a
graphics workstation running a windowing
system.
R can also be run with the operating system
on UNIX machines and macOS.
Introduction and preliminaries Simple manipulations; numbers and Reading data from Package
vectors files s
Downloading and Installing R
(1) Browse to the official R website at [Link]
[Link].
(2) Under the Download, Packages heading on the
left-hand side of the screen, click on the CRAN
link.
(3) A page with several CRAN (Comprehensive R
Archive Network) servers located across the world
will be displayed. Click on the link for the CRAN
server located nearest to you.
(4) A page with frequently used CRAN links will be
displayed. In the Download and Install R section,
click on the link that corresponds to your operating
system (Linux, Mac OS X, or Windows).
(5) Use the provided link to download the latest version
of R for your operating system and version.