TRADITIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
• This refers to the tools, devices and methods used in teaching
and learning before the digital age – typically before the
widespread use of computers and internet.
• These technologies were often mechanical, analog, or
manually operated, and they played a crucial role in shaping
early education systems.
How did students learn before
the internet and smartboards?
CLASSROOM IN THE
1800S
Hornbook
Year 1650
• Known as the First Learning Aid.
• Used to teach alphabet and
prayers.
• Made of wood, paper and
transparent horn
• Originated in England
Magic Lantern
Year 1870
• Known as the First Projector.
• It uses light and lenses to project
images
• Predecessor off modern projectors
Slate and Chalkboard
Year 1890
• Reusable Writing Tools.
• Slates for individual use,
chalkboards for group instructions
• Original black, later green for eye
comfort
Pencil & Stereoscope
Year 1900 &
1905
• Used in writing and seeing in 3D
• Pencil: Portable, erasable
• Stereoscope: Created 3D illusions
for visual learning
Film Projector & Radio
Year 1925
• Used in learning through Sound
and Motion
• Film: Visual Storytelling
• Radio: Audio lessons for remote
learners
Overhead Projector
Year 1930
• Used in Transparent Teaching
• Real-projection and learning
• Allowed pre-written contents or
live annotations
Ballpoint Pen & Mimeograph
Year 1940
• Made writing and copying easy
• Ballpoint: Clean, portable
writing
• Mimeograph: Duplicated
worksheets using stencils
Headphones & Slide Rule
Year 1950
• Used in Private Listening &
Analog Computing
• Headphones : Language labs,
private listening
• Slide Rule: Pre-calculator math
tool
Videotapes
Year 1951
• To rewind and learn
• This allows lessons to be recorded
and replay
• Enabled review and repetition
Skinner Machine & Reading Accelerator
Year 1957
• Beginning of Programmed
Learnings
• Skinner Machine : Step by step
learning
• Reading Accelerator : Boosted
reading speed
Educational TV & Photocopier
Year 1958-
1959
• Used in Broadcasting
Knowledge
• TV’s : Distance learning via
broadcast
• Photocopier : Mass
reproduction of materials
Liquid Paper & Filmstrip
Viewer
Year 1960-
1965
• Used in fixing mistakes and
watching at your pace
• Liquid Paper : Correction Fluid
• Filmstrip viewer :
Individualized film viewing
Calculators & Scantron
Year 1970-
1972
• Used in automating Math and
Grading
• Calculators: Quick math solutions
• Scantron: Automated test scoring
PLATO Computer
Year 1980
• Programmed Logic for
Automated Teaching Operations
• Developed in the University of
Illinois
• Expanded network terminals
useful in interactive lessons
EdTech in the
Philippines
■ A promising Yet Divided Landscape
■ In the recent years, NGOs , private
individuals , and some schools have made
efforts to modernize classrooms.
■ Efforts includes, multimedia equipment's,
interactive whiteboards and internet access.
■ Despite all efforts, access remains unequal.
The Digital Divide
P P
U R
B I
L V
I A
C T
E
Outdated Systems & Limited or no High End Tech and Access
Internet Access
Plenty of available devices, upgraded
Insufficient devices for students & and maintained
Teachers
Tech-integrated curriculums
Often rely on printed materials
(coding, robotics, multimedia)
The Role of the Government
Policy & Vision Capacity Building
Makes plans and rules for Training Teachers &
how technology should be Student in the use of
used in schools. technology effectively
Funding & Regulation & Safety
Infrastructure Create and Implement
Provides money, gadgets, laws and rules to keep
and internet access for learners safe
schools
Global Cooperation
Equality (Fair for All)
Works with International
To benefit even remote
Groups like UNESCO,
and poor communities can
ASEAN, World Bank,
benefit
UNICEF
The Role of Educators
Facilitators of
Assessors
Learning
Life Long Learners
Designers of Lessons
Models of Digital
Motivators
Citizenship