BAR SPACING
The ACI Code on Bar Spacing provides that:
1. The minimum clear distances between the
adjacent steel bars shall not be less than the
normal diameter of the bars or 25 mm for
columns. This requirement was increased to
1% bar diameter or 4 centimeters.
2. Where beam reinforcement are placed in
two or more layers, the clear distance
between layers must be not less than 25 mm
or 1 inch and the bars in the upper layer
should be placed directly above those in the
3. In walls and slabs other than concrete joist
construc-tion, the principal reinforcement shall be
spaced not farther apart than three times the wall
or slab thickness not more than 45 centimeters.
4. The clear distance between pre-tensioning steel
at each end of the member shall not be less than
four times the diameter of individual nor three
times the diameter of the strands.
5. The clear spacing between spirals shall not
exceed 7.5 or less than 2.5 cm. 10 mm minimum
diame ter. Spiral splices is 48 bar diameter
minimum but not less than 30 centimeters or
6. Lateral ties shall be at least No.3 bars spaced
not to ex-cood 16 times the longitudinal bar
diameter or 48 tit bar diameter or the least
dimension of the column.
7. Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
shall not be placed farther apart than 5 times
the slab thickness nor more than 45
centimeters.
BAR SPLICING,
CUTTING AND BEND
POINTS
A. Tension Bars may be spliced by:
1. Welding
2. Tying
3. Sleeves
4. Mechanical devices which provide fall positive con-nection between bars
B. Compression Bars may be spliced by:
1. Lapping
2. Direct end bearing
3. Welding
4. Mechanical device which will provide full posi-tive connections.
In splicing metal reinforcement under compression load the Code
further specifies that: "the compressive splice shall not be less
than 30 centimeters
The ACI Code on bar cutting and bending points states:
1. "Every bar shall be continued to at least a distance to the
effective depth of the beam or 12 bar diameter whichever is larger.
Thus, in cutting reinforcing bar, a minimum length equal to the
effective depth of the beam or 12 times the bar diameter which
ever is the longer.
2. At least 1/3 of the positive moment of stool (bottom bars, shall be
continued uninterrupted along the same face of the beam to a
distance of at least 15 centime ters into the support.
3. At least 1/3 of the negative moment (top
reinforcing bars) shall be extended beyond the
extreme position not less than 1/16 of the clear beam
whichever is greater.
Example:
No. 4 steel bar is 12 mm or 1.2 centimeters. Multiply
by 6 bar diameter = 7.2 centimeters. This will be the
diameter of bend for standard hook .
Structural
Steel
As builders become more aware of the
value of time and manpower costs, the
use of prefabricated building parts
gained wide acceptance Some
construction companies have diversi-
fied investment in mass production of
prefabricated homes relying on the
conventional framing methods bet
applying tochnique of mass production
aimed at minimizing custom job work