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RIZAL’S BIRTH
JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y
ALONSO REALONDA
• was born on Wednesday night, June 19,
1861.
• was named before St. Joseph and St.
Protacio
• Baptized in June 22, 1861 by Calamba’s
parish priests, Fr. Rufino Collantes
and his godfather was Pedro Casanas.
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Ancestry of Jose Rizal (Dr. Austin Craig)
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JOSE – from St. Joseph, whom his mother was a
devotee
PROTACIO- from St. Protacio, the patron saint for
June 19
RIZAL- adopted from Narciso Claveria’s decree;
used to avoid conflict and hostility of the
Spaniards “ricial” –means a green pasture
MERCADO- his father’s surname
ALONSO- his mother’s maiden name
REALONDA- was used by Doña Teodora from the
surname of her godmother based on the culture by
that time
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Don Francisco Mercado
(1818-1898)
was born in Biñan, Laguna.
He studied Latin and Philosophy at the
College of San Jose in Manila
Moved to Calamba after his parent's death.
Became a tenant farmer of the Dominican-
owned hacienda.
Died on Jan 5, 1898
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Doña Teodora Alonso Y Realonda
(1826-1911)
was born in Meisik, Sta. Cruz Manila.
She studied at Colegio de Sta. Rosa in
Manila
A woman of refined culture and
character, with exemplary literary
talents, the fortitude of a spartan
woman and with business ability, she
managed their store.
Died on August 16, 1911
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Saturnina, 63 (1850-1913)
“The Second Mother”
“Neneng”, Children:
she was married to Mauel T. Hidalgo • Alfredo married to
of Tanauan Batangas. Aurora Tiaoqu
In 1909, Saturnina published • Adela married to
Pascuals Poblete's Tagalog Jose Ver
translation of Noli Me Tangere • Abelardo
• Amelia and Augusto
who both died young
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2. Paciano, 79 (1851-1930)
“The Big Brother”
He studied Latin under maestro
Justiniano Cruz attending the Colegio
de San Jose in Manila.
He lived and worked with Fr. Jose A.
Burgos
He became an ally of the Katipunan
He became a general in the
revolutionary army during the 1900's
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3. Narcisa, 87 (1852-1939)
“The Hospital Sister”
“Sisa”, Children:
she was married to Antonio Lopez • Emilio
(Nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez) • Angelica married to
Benito Abreu
She was a musician and an educator
• Antonio married to
from Pueblo de Morong (former name
Natividad Arguelles
of Rizal Province)
• Isabel, Francisco,
She could recite from memory Arsenio, and Fidela
almost all poems of Jose Rizal all whom died young
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4. Olimpia, 32 (1855-1887)
“The Go-Between”
“Ypia” or “Yepa” Children:
she was married to Silvestre • Aristeo married
Ubaldo, a telegraph operator to Leonarda Limja
of Manila • Cesario and
another boy; both
She died while giving birth died young
in 1887
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5. Lucia, 62 (185-1919)
“A Fellow-Sufferer”
Children:
• Delfina married to General
SalvadorNatividad (Delfina
she was married to Mariano Herbosa
helped Marcella Agoncillo in
(nephew of Father Casañas) of Calamba making the first Philippine
Laguna Flag in Hongkong)
Her husband, Herbosa died of Cholera • Concepcion
and was denied of Christian burial • Patrocinia married to Jose
being the brother-in-law of Rizal Battalone
• Teodosio married to Lucina
Vitingco
• Estanislao, Paz, Victoria and
Jose.
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6. Maria, 86 (1859-1945)
“The Confidant”
Children:
• Encarnacion married
“Biang”, to Rosendo Banaad
married to Daniel Faustino • Mauricio married to
Cruz of Biñan, Laguna Concepcion
• Arguelles
• Petrona, Paz,
Prudencio, who all
died young.
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7. Jose Rizal, 35 (1861-1896)
“Pepe”
The greatest Filipino hero
was born on June 19, 1861.
was executed by the
Spaniards on December 30,
1896.
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8. Concepcion, 3 (1862-
1865) “A Dear Loss”
“Concha”
Died at the age of 3; her
death was Rizal's first
sorrow in life
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9. Josefa, 80 (1865-1945)
“The Katipunera”
“Panggoy”
She was epileptic and died
spinster at the age of 80
She became a member of
Katipunan
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10. Trinidad, 83 (1868-1951)
“The Steward”
“Trining”,
Last of the siblings to
survive and died as spinster
too; died at the age of 83.
She became a member of the
Katipunan
Caretaker of “Mi Ultimo
Adios”
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11. Soledad, 59 (1870-1929)
“The Teacher”
Children:
“Choleng” • Trinitario married
She was married to Pantaleon to Maria San Mateo
then married
Quintero of Calamba
Bernabe Malva (Son
She became a teacher, said to have of General Miguel
been “the best educated” among Malvar)
Rizal's sisters. • Luisa married to
1929 - passed away at the age of 59 Jose Arguelles
• Serafin and Felix
who died young
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The Mercado’s Home
• one of the
distinguished
stone houses
in Calamba
during the
Spanish times.
His Early 19
Childhood
Calamba was named after a big native
jar. A hacienda town which belonged to
the Dominican Order.
Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My
Town).
The first memory of Rizal, was his
happy days in the family garden when he
was three years old.
The Rizal children were bound together
by ties of love and companionship.
At the age of three, Rizal began to
take part in the family prayers.
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At the age of 5, he was able to read the
Spanish Bible with help of his mother and
began to make sketches with his pencil
and to mold in clay and wax objects which
attracted his fancy.
On his nearly 7, his father took him for
a pilgrimage to Antipolo in order to
fulfill his mother's vows which was made
when he was born.
Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow
Children) - Rizal’s first poem in native
language at the age of eight.
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His Early Education
His early education was concentrated on 4R’s
–reading, writing, ‘rithmetic and religion.
His mother was his first teacher
He was taught how to read and write in Spanish.
1. Mastro Celestino - 1st private tutor
2. Maestro Lucas Padua - 2nd private
tutor
3. Leon Monroy - former classmate of
Rizal's father, became his tutor; he
instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin
- he died five months later.
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4. Uncle Jose/Juan Alberto -taught him love for
the open air and developed in him a great
admiration for the beauty of nature.
5. Uncle Gregorio - a scholar, instilled into
the mind of his nephew a great love for books.
6. Uncle Manuel -He looked after the physical
training of his sickly and weak nephew
7. Father Leoncio Lopez - fostered Rizal's love
for the scholarship and intellectual honesty;
an old parish priest of Calamba.
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His Education at Biñan
He left Calamba for Biñan in June 1869,
accompanied by Paciano.
Paciano brought him to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
experienced the first fight to his teacher’s son
He was awarded as “painter of the class”
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There were two events that took
place which brought sorrow to his
life:
[Link] execution of the three
priests: Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora.
[Link] imprisonment of his mother.
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GomBurZa –courted the governor’s ire (Rafael
Izquierdo) by advocating the secular
movement to Filipinize the Philippine
parishes and was supported by the lawyers,
Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and Antonio Ma.
Regidor.
February 17, 1872 – the three priests were
executed in spite of the Archbishop’s plea
for clemency for their innocence.
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His Mother’s Imprisonment
• Before June 1867 –Doña Teodora was accused, together
with her brother, Jose Alberto, as accomplices in an
attempt to poison his brother’s wife.
• Antonio Vivencio del Rosario –Calamba’s
gobernadorcillo helped her brother’s wife filed a
case.
• During her arrest, Doña Teodora was forced to walk
from Calamba to Santa Cruz (50 km). She was
incarcerated in the provincial capital of Sta. Cruz
where she spent two years and a half of her life.