PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATIO
N
Communication
Principles
-is a process of exchanging verbal and/or
non-verbal information between two or
more people who can either be the
speaker or the receiver of the messages.
-is used to meet the purpose of the
person (to inform, to persuade, or to
entertain.-can be in the form of written,
verbal, non-verbal, and visuals.
Modes of
Communication
• Verbal communication- involves an exchange of
information through face-to-face, audio and/or video
conferencing, lectures, meetings, radio, and television.
• Non-Verbal communication- involves the following to
convey or emphasize a message of information.
• Body language- this includes facial expressions, postures,
and eye contact.
• Personal space or distance– this refers to area of space
and distance that a person from a different culture, personality,
age, sex, and status adopts and puts for another person.
Personal Appearance– this refers how a person presents
himself/herself to a particular situation, whether formal or
informal
Visual communication- type of communication
that uses visuals to convey information and/or
messages. Some examples are signs, symbols,
imagery, maps, graphs, photos, and even various
forms of electronic communications such as
emoticons and animations to convey the writer’s
emotions
Written communication- involves text or
words encoded and transmitted through memos,
letters, reports, on-line chat, SMS, e-mail,
journals and other written documents.
TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
ACCORDING TO
CONTEXT
Context in communication is referred to as a
composite of people interacting with each other.
Intrapersonal Communication– means talking
to oneself. Some label it as self or inner talk,
inner monologue, or inner dialogue.
Interpersonal Communication– an interactive
exchange takes place as interpersonal
communication takes place. A transactional does
not necessarily take place since it can only be a
simple interaction greetings or ordinary
conversation.
Extended Communication– involves the use of
electronic media such as televisions, radio, audio or phone
conferencing, video conferencing, and other technological
means. With the use of electronic media, messages are
transmitted quickly. With this, your thinking, behavior, and
attitude may be influenced by other people and you may
be persuaded to take views you hear.
Organizational Communication– plays in organizational
contexts. Organizations comprise individuals who work for
the company. For an organization to be successful, a set of
rules or standards for communication protocol should be
made clear so that interaction patterns are established.
Organizational Communication–written and oral
communication skills is needed.
Two types of organizational structure:
1. Formal –allows communication to take place via
designated channels of message flow between positions in
the organizations.
a. Downward communication- upper to lower positions
(supervisor staff)
b. Upward communication–bottom-up (staff supervisor)
c. Horizontal communication–lateral ( belong to the same
level but different department)
d. Crosswise communication-diagonal (different department
at various levels)
2. Informal–comes form unofficial channels of
communication. Also known as “grapevine”
messages coming from the different levels of
organization are transmitted.
Intercultural Communication– communication
between or among people having different
linguistics, religious, ethnic, sex, social, and
professional backgrounds. Individuals having
different orientations communicates and
interpret messages differently. This particularly
happens with non-verbal communication.
Communication
processes
Involves elements such as:
1. Source– the speaker or sender
2. Message– information or ideas from the source or speaker
3. Encoding – process of transferring the message
4. Channel – the means to deliver the message such as face-to-face
conversations, telephone calls, e-mails, and memos, among others.
5. Decoding– the process of interpreting an encoded message
6. Receiver– the recipient of the message
7. Feedback– reactions or responses of the receiver
8. Context – the situation or environment in which communication
takes place
9. Barrier – the factors which may affect the communication process.
ex. Culture, individual differences, noise, status.
Communication
Models
ARISTOTLE’S COMMUNICATION
MODEL
SHANNON-WEAVERS
COMMUNICATION
Thomson made call to his
assistant “come here I want to MODEL
see you”. During his call,
noise appeared (transmission
error) and his assistant
received “I want” only. Again
Assistant asked Thomson
(feedback) “what do you want
Thomson”.
Sender : Thomson
Encoder : Telephone
(Thomson) Channel : Cable
Noise : Distraction in voice
Reception : Telephone
(Assistant) Receiver :
Assistant. Due to transmission
error or noise, Assistant can’t
able to understand Thomson’s
messages. *The noise which
affect the communication flow