MODEL ANALYSIS
Presented by:-
Dip Bhuyan
BDS 3rd year
Roll no-06
CONTENTS
Introduction
Why we make study models
Ideal Requirements of orthodontic study models
Uses of study models
Analysis of the models
Classification
1. Carey’s analysis
2. Ashley how’s analysis
3. Bolton’s analysis
Mixed dentition analysis
1. Tanaka Johnston analysis
2. Moyer’s mixed dentition analysis
3. Radiographic method
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION
Orthodontic study model are essential diagnostic records,
which help to study the Occlusion And dentition from all
three dimensions.
They are accurate plaster reproductions of the teeth and
their surrounding soft tissues.
WHY WE MAKE STUDY MODELS ?
They are invaluable in planning treatment, as they are the only
three dimensional records of the patient’s dentition
They help in assessing the relationship of space availability to
space requirement and in formulating the appropriate
treatment for that particular condition
Occlusion can be visualized lingual aspect
They provide a permanent record of the intermaxillary
relationships and the occlusion at the start of therapy; this is
necessary for medico legal considerations
They are a visual aid for the dentist as he monitors changes
taking place during tooth movement
They serve as a reminder for the parent and the patient of the
condition present at the start of the treatment
IDEAL REQUIREMENTS OF ORTHODONTIC STUDY MODELS
Models should accurately reproduce the teeth and their surrounding soft tissues
Models are to be trimmed so that they are symmetrical and pleasing to the eye and so
that an asymmetrical arch
Form can be readily recognized
Models are to be trimmed in such a way that the dental occlusion shows by setting the
models on their models
Models are to be trimmed such that they replicate the measurements and angles proposed
for trimming them
Models are to have clean, smooth, bubble free surfaces with sharp angles where the cuts
meet
USES OF STUDY MODELS
Assess and record dental anatomy
Assess and record intercuspation
Assess and record arch form
Assess and record the curve of occlusion
Measure progress during treatment
Calculate total space requirements/discrepancies
ANALYSIS OF THE MODELS
Model analysis is the study of dental casts, which helps to study the occlusion and
dentition from all three dimensions and analyze the degree and severity of malocclusion
and derive the diagnosis and plan the treatment
Requirements to do model analysis:-
1. Well prepared study models
2. Vernier calipers
3. Divider
4. Ruler
5. Brass wire
CLASSIFICATION
Permanent dentition model analysis
1. Pont’s analysis
2. Carry’s analysis
3. Ashley Howe’s analysis
4. Arch perimeter analysis
5. Linder Harth analysis
6. Korkhaus analysis
7. Bolton’s analysis
8. Peck and peck index
Mixed dentition model analysis
1. Moyer’s mixed dentition analysis
2. Tanaka and Johnston analysis
3. Nance mixed dentition
4. Radio method( Huckaba’s mixed dentition)
Most common methods are –
Permanent dentition. Mixed dentition
Carey’s analysis Radiographic analysis
Ashley Howe’s analysis Tanaka Johnston analysis
Bolton’s analysis Moyer’s analysis
CAREY’S ANALYSIS
The arch length-tooth material discrepancy is the main cause for
most malocclusions
This discrepancy can be calculated with the help of carey’s analysis
This analysis is usually carried out in the lower arch
PROCEDURE-
STEP 1- Determination of arch length
1. Measure the arch perimeter using brass wire
2. The wire is placed the mesial surface of the first permanent molar of
one side and is passed over the buccal cusps of the premolar and
along the anteriors and is continued on the opposite side in the same
way up to mesial surface of the opposite the first permanent molar
In case of proclined anteriors, the wire is passed along the cingulum of anterior
teeth
If the anterior teeth are retroclined, the brass wire is passed labial to the teeth in
the anterior region
If the teeth are well aligned, the wire passes over the incisal edges of the anteriors
STEP 2:- Determination of tooth material ( TTM)
-Measure the mesiodistal dimension of all teeth to the first molar and add. This
value gives the total space required
STEP 3:- Determination of discrepancy
- The discrepancy refers to the difference between the arch length and tooth
material
Inference – Discrepancy( 0-2.5mm)- proximal stripping
Discrepancy (2.5-5mm)-Extraction of second premolars
Discrepancy (>5mm)- extraction of first premolars
ASHLEY HOWE’S ANALYSIS
Howe’s considered tooth crowding to be due to deficiencies in
arch width rather than arch length
He found a relationship to exist between the total width of
mesiodistal diameter of teeth anterior to the second
Permanent molar and the width of the dental arch in the first
premolar region
PROCEDURE-
TTM- total tooth material = refers to sum of the mesiodistal width of
the teeth from molar to first molar
PMD- premolar diameter= Arch width measured from the buccal
cusp tips of the first premolar on one side to the buccal cusp tips on
other side
PMBAW- premolar basal arch width=It is measured from canine fossa
of one side to other side
The canine fossa is found distal to canine eminance. If the canine is not clearly
distinguishable the measurement is made from a point that is 8mm below the crest of
the interdental papilla distal to the canine
Inference:-
If PMBAW > PMD- indication that basal arch is sufficient to allow expansion of premolars
1. If PMD>PMBAW- contraindication for expansion, move teeth distally, extract some
teeth
PMBAW%= PMBAW ×100/TTM
2. If PMBAW% is 37 or less ,it indicates a need for extraction
3. If PMBAW% is 44 or more, the case can possibly be treated without extraction
4. If PMBAW% is 37-44, the case is referred to as a borderline case
BOLTON’S ANALYSIS
Tooth size is an important factor to be taken into consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.
According to Bolton there exist a ratio between the mesio-distal widths of maxillary and mandibular
[Link] Bolton’s analysis helps in determining disproportion in size between maxillary and mandibular
teeth
Sum of mandibular 12
The mesio distal width of all the teeth mesial to the mandibular second permanent molars is measured
and summed up
Sum of maxillary 12
The mesio distal width of all the teeth mesial to the maxillary second permanent molars is measured and
summed up
Sum of mandibular 6
The mesio distal width of all the teeth mesial to the mandibular first premolars is measured and summed up
Sum of maxillary 6
The mesio distal width of the all the teeth mesial to the maxillary
first premolars is measured and summed up
Determination of overall ratio:- sum of mandibular 12×100/sum of
maxillary 12. ( normally the overall ratio is 91.3%)
Inference:- If overall ratio is less than 91.3% →maxillary tooth
material excess ( amount of excess is determined by using the
formula=maxillary 12-mandibular 12×100/91.3
If overall ratio is more than 91.3 %→mandibular tooth material
excess( amount of excess is determined by using the formula=
mandibular 12-maxilary 12×91.3/100
Determination of anterior ratio:- sum of mandibular 6×100/sum
of maxillary 6
Inference – If the anterior ratio is less than 77.2%→maxillary
anterior excess. The amount of excess is determined by using the
formula – maxillary 6-mandibular 6 × 100/77.2
If the anterior ratio is more than 77.2% →mandibular anterior
excess. The amount of excess is determined by using the formula -
mandibular 6-maxillary 6×77.2/100
MIXED DENTITION ANALYSIS
The purpose of mixed dentition analysis is to evaluate the
amount of space available in the arch for succeeding
permanent teeth and necessary occlusal adjustment
2 methods have been suggested:-
1. Those in which the sizes of unerupted cuspids and premolars
are estimated from measurement of the Radiographic image
2. Those in which the sizes of the cuspids and premolar are
derived from knowledge of the sizes of permanent teeth
already erupted in the mouth
TANAKA JOHNSTON METHOD
This method uses the width of the lower incisors to predict the widths of unerupted
canines and premolars of the upper and lower arches
Adding one half the total mesio distal width of the four lower incisors and 10.5 mm gives
the estimated widths of mandibular canine and premolars in each quadrant
Adding one half the total mesio distal width of the four lower incisors and 11 mm gives the
estimated widths of maxillary canine and premolars in each quadrant
MOYER’S MIXED DENTITION ANALYSIS
In this analysis the size of the unerupted permanent cuspids and
premolars are predicted from knowledge of the sizes of certain
permanent teeth already erupted in the mouth
1. Measure the sum of mesio distal width of lower Permanent incisors
2. Place 1 tip of gauge in midline and other at distal surface of Mandibular
lateral incisors . Mark this point and repeat it on other side
3. 2nd line is on deciduous canine in case of crowding
4. Distance from mesial surface of mandibular first molar to marked point
is space available for eruption of Mandibular canine and premolars
Predict the size of canine and premolars from probability chart
If space available is > the predicted space the excess space can be used for late mesial
shift of molars
If space available is < the predicted space →indication of future crowding
RADIOGRAPHIC METHOD
This technique makes use of a radiograph as well as a study cast to determine the width of
the unerupted teeth
It is possible to determine the measurements of the unerupted teeth by studying the teeth
that have already erupted in a radiograph and on a cast.
Y1= X1×Y2/X2 where,
1. Y1= width of unerupted tooth whose measurement is to be determined
2. Y2=width of unerupted tooth on the radiograph
3. X1= width of a tooth that has erupted, measured on the cast
4. X2= width of a tooth that has erupted, measured on the radiograph
CONCLUSION
Orthodontic model analysis is a crucial diagnostic tool that helps in evaluating the dental
arch relationships, tooth size, spacing, and occlusion.
It forms the foundation for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment planning,
ensuring functional and aesthetic outcomes for the patient.
REFERENCES
Orthodontics, The art and science,S.I. Balajhi
Textbook of orthodontics, Sridhar premkumar
Textbook of orthodontics, Gurkeerat Singh