Legal Basis of
Study of Gender
and Society
CHED MEMO ODER NO. 1 (2015)
This order provides guidelines and
policies for higher education institution
to promote gender equality.
CEDAW (1981
The convention on the Elimination of all forms
of Discrimination Against women (CEDAW) is
an international human rights treaty adopted
by United Nations General Assembly in 1979
and enforced in 1981. It is often referred to as
the “Women’s Bill of Right” .
• It incorporate the quality of men and women.
• Abolishes all discriminatory laws.
• Ensure protection of women against
discrimination.
• Ensuring women’s equal access and
9187 Construction of Article ll
Section 14
The state recognize the viral role of
the youth in nation- building and
shall promote and protect their
physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual, and social well-being.
Republic Act 7192 IRR (1992)
Republic Act No. 7192, also known as the
“Women in Development and Nation Building
Act” enacted in 1992 along with it’s
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
provides a significant legal basis for studying
gender and society in the Philippines.
Republic Act 7192
Declaration of policy : Section 2 of RA 7192 states that the State recognize the
role of women in nation- building and ensure that fundamental equality before the law
of women and men. The state shall provide women with rights and opportunities equal
to those men.
Equality and Capability to Act : Section 5 stipulates that women of legal age,
regardless of civil status, have the capacity to act and enter into contracts, which
shall be equal to that of men under similar circumstances.
Equal Membership in clubs : Section 6 ensures women enjoy equal access
to membership in all social, civic, and recreational clubs and organizations devoted to
public purpose.
Admission to Military school : Section 7 provides women equal
opportunities for appointment, admission, training, graduation, and commissioning in
al military or similar schools for the armed forces of the Philippines and the Philippine
National Police consistent with the needs of the service.
Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR)
Responsible Agency : The National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
is primarily responsible for ensuring women’s
participation as recipients in foreign aid,
grants and loans
Mandate : NEDA, with the assistant of the
National commission on the role of Filipino
women, ensure that government department
women’s participation in nation development.
Beijing Platform for Action (1995)
The 1995 Beijing Platforms for action flagged 12 keys Ares where
urgent action was needed. To ensure greater equality and
opportunities for women and men, girls and boys. It also laid out
concrete ways for countries to bring about change
12 Critical Ares
When women are poor, their rights are not protected and they
face double discrimination, on account of their gender and
economic situation. Women, their families communities, and
economies suffer as a result.
Education and Training of Women
Education is essential for women to reach gender equality and become
leader of change while women and girls today are far more educated that
ever before, gaps remain. Educated women benefits entire societies,
contributing to flourishing economies and the improve Heath, nutrition,
and education of their families. Education and training are also tools to
help change harmful gender stereotypes.
Women and Heath
Women need to Heathy to realize their full potential. This Includes proper
nutrition, sexual and reproduction as well as freedom from violence.
Violence against Women
Violence hurts women and girls and hampers their ability to thrive in
multiple ways. Since the Beijing Conference, an historic two- thirds of
countries have put laws on the books to stop domestic violence. Yet gaps
in laws implementation of legal protection, and lack of access to essential
services remain for women globally.
Women and economy
Whether in business, on farms , as entrepreneurs or employees, or through unpaid
domestic or care work at home, women make enormous contribution to economies.
Gender discrimination means women often end up insecure, low- wage jobs, and
constitute a small minority of those in senior position.
Women in power and decision – making
Once in leadership roles, women make a difference. But that are under- represented as
voters and in top position, whether in elected office, the civil service, corporate
boardrooms, or academia.
Institutional mechanism
Specialized institutions have played an important part in informing laws, policies, and
program and advancing gender equality. Robust laws and policies coupied with stronger
mechanism to coordinate various actor and ensure their effective enforcement and
implementation can push the agenda.
Human right of women
Women and girls are entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of all of their human rights.
The Beijing Platform for Action confirms that the protection and promotion of human
rights is the first responsibility of government and core to the work of the United Nations.
Women and the media
The media plays a significant role in perpetuating and challenging
social norms that condone discrimination or violence against women.
It can objectify women but also showcase strong women leaders and
protagonist who can become role models for their audience.
Women and the environment
Women are among the most affected by climate change. They are
often the ones gathering water, fishing of farming land affected by
flooding. Meanwhile, their voices are often ignored in environmental
planning and management also have less access to land and
productive resources.
The girl child
Specific forms of violence and harmful practices, including female
genital mutilation (FGM ) and cutting breast ironing, and child
marriage, affect girls in particular, including child sexual abuse.
RA 9710 MAGNA CARTA FOR
WOMEN (2009)
The Magna Carta of women ( MCW) is a
Comprehensive women’s human right law that seeks
to eliminate discrimination through the recognition
protection, fulfillment, and recognition of the rights of
Filipino women, especially those belonging to the
marginalized sectors of society.