Ethiopian Military Academy

Department of Academics
Information Communication and Technology section

Chapter One
1
Introduction to Emerging Technology
2
Outline
 Evolution of Technologies
 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
 Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of you and your business
3 Introduction

 Evolution of technology, the role of data for

emerging technology, enabling devices and
networks for technologies (programmable
devices), Human to Machine Interaction (HCI)
and future trends of technologies are cover in this
chapter.
4 Definition of emerging technologies

 Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technology,

but it may also refer to the continuing development of existing technology;
 it can have slightly different meanings when used in different areas, such as
media, business, science, or education.
 The term commonly refers to technologies that are currently developing, or
that are expected to be available within the next five to ten years, and is
usually reserved for technologies that are creating or are expected to create
significant social or economic effects. Technological evolution is a theory of
radical transformation of society through technological development.
5 What is the Root Word of Technology and Evolution?

 Technology: 1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or the arts," from Greek

tekhnologia "systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique," originally referring to
grammar, from tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy.

 The meaning "science of the mechanical and industrial arts" is first recorded in 1859.

 Evolution: evolution means the process of developing by gradual changes. This noun
is from Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or opening," combined from the prefix e-, "out,"
plus volvere, "to roll."
6 List of some currently available emerged technologies
 Artificial Intelligence
 Block chain
 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
 Cloud Computing
 Angular and React
 DevOps
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
 Big Data
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
7 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)

 The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization and

innovation that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.

 An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a society shifts from using
tools to make products to use new sources of energy, such as coal, to power
machines in factories.
8 Cont..
 Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally
changed and transfer the world around us into modern society.
 The steam engine,
 The age of science and mass production, and
 The rise of digital technology
 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.
9 What are the most important inventions of industrial revolutions?

 Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The
Airplane.

 Communication.: The Telegraph. The Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph.

The Telephone.

 Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights.

10 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)

 The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to
the rest of Europe.
The four types of industries are:
 The primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.

 The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.

 Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.

 The quaternary industry involves research and development industries e.g. IT.
11 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)

 It is described as a transition to new manufacturing processes.

Figure 1.1 steam engine

12 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
 It is also known as the Technological Revolution, began somewhere in the 1870s.
 The advancements in IR 2.0 included the development of methods for manufacturing
interchangeable parts and widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems such as
telegraph and railroad networks.

Figure 1.2 Electricity transmission line

 13 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
 IR 3.0 introduced the transition from mechanical and analogy electronic technology to digital

electronics (see Figure 1.3) which began from the late 1950s. It known as “Digital Revolution”

Figure 1.3 High Tech Electronics

14 What do you think that IR 4.0 differs from the previous IR (i.e. 1-3)?
 Now, with advancements in various technologies such as robotics, Internet of
Things.
 A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored by
computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.
 These machines are operated by giving it instructions using a computer.
 Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of AI,
where we can see it being implemented into our smartphones.
 AI is also one of the main elements that give life to Autonomous Vehicles and
Automated Robots.
15 Cont.…

Figure 1. 4 Anybody Connected device (ABCD)

16 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we are living in the age of
big data, and drives or even determines the future of science, technology, the
economy, and possibly everything in our world today and tomorrow.

 Data have not only triggered tremendous hype and buzz but more importantly,
presents enormous challenges that in turn bring incredible innovation and economic
opportunities.
 This involves not only core disciplines such as computing, informatics, and statistics, but also the
broad-based fields of business, social science, and health/medical science.
17 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)

 In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of
devices: memory, microprocessors, logic, and networks.

 Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a spread

sheet or database.

 Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of

tasks such as running a word processing program or video game.
18 Cont.…

 Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device interfacing,

data communication, signal processing, data display, timing and control operations,
and almost every other function a system must perform.

 The network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,

peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.

 An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of

people all over the world
19 Cont.…

 There are also devices that are the analogy equivalent of these called field-

programmable analogy arrays.

Figure 1.5 programmable device

20 Why is a computer referred to as a programmable

device?
Because what makes a computer a computer is that it follows a set of instructions. Many electronic devices are
computers that perform only one operation, but they are still following instructions that reside permanently in the
unit.

 List of some Programmable devices

 Achronix Speedster SPD60
 Actel’s
 Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
 Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
 Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
 Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
 Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
 Silicon Blue Technologies
 Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
 Xmos Semiconductor L series
21 Cont.….
 A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service Enabling Devices
(SEDs), which can include:

 Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers
22 Human to Machine Interaction

 It is refers to the communication and interaction between a

human and a machine via a user interface.
 Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have
gained increasing attention as they allow humans to control
machines through natural and intuitive behaviours.
23 What is interaction in human-computer interaction?

 HCI is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent
computers are or are not developed for successful interaction with human
beings.

 As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:

 the user,

 the computer itself, and

 the ways they work together.

24 How do users interact with computers?
 The user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and output such as displays, e.g.
through a graphical user interface.

How important is human-computer interaction?

 The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and computers by making
computers more user-friendly and receptive to the user's needs.

 The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of deployment & operations and cost savings
for smaller set-ups.
25 Disciplines Contributing to HCI
 Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing, performance
prediction, cooperative working, and capabilities.

 Computer science: Including graphics, technology, prototyping tools, user

interface management systems.

 Linguistics.

 Engineering and design.

 Artificial intelligence.

 Human factors.
26 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

Emerging technology trends in 2019

 5G Networks

 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

 Autonomous Devices

 Block chain

 Augmented Analytics

 Digital Twins

 Enhanced Edge Computing and

 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

27 Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of you and your
business
 The future is now or so they say. So-called emerging technologies are
taking over our minds more and more each day.
 These are very high-level emerging technologies though.

 They sound like tools that will only affect the top tier of technology
companies who employ the world’s top 1% of geniuses.
 This is totally wrong. Chat bots, virtual/augmented reality, block chain, Ephemeral Apps and
Artificial Intelligence are already shaping your life whether you like it or not. At the end of the day,
you can either adapt or die.