UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, RAICHUR
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, RAICHUR
Course : Disease Resistance in Plants
PAT 513 (2+1)
Presentation Topic : Pattern Recognition Receptors & R Protiens
Presented By,
P J Anubhava
PG21AGR13104
Dept. Plant Pathology
Pattern Recognition Proteins
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs): are proteins that are capable of
recognizing molecules frequently found in pathogens.
These may be PAMPs (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns)
Also the molecules released by damaged cells DAMPs (Damage
Associated Molecular Pattern)
PRRs are considered as a part of Innate Immune System
Signals derived from the engagement of PRRs on the immune cells,
activates microbicidal and pro-inflammatory responses required to
eliminate or at least to contain infectious agents
Characteristics of PRRs:
Recognize microbial components such as PAMPs that
are essential for their survival
PRRs are constitutively expressed in the host
regardless of their life cycle stage
They are germline encoded, non clonal and are
expressed on all cells of a given type
4 key Families of PRRs are:
1. Toll Like Receptors (TLR – Transmembrane Receptors)
2. Rig I – Like Receptors (RLR – Cytoplasm)
3. NOD – Like Receptors (NLR – Cytoplasmic Sensors)
4. C type Lectin Receptors (CLR – Transmembrane Receptors)
R-Proteins
Resistance genes (R-Genes) are genes in plant genomes that
convey Plant Disease Resistance against Pathogens by producing
R-proteins
The main class of R-genes consists of:
• Nucleotide Binding domain (NB)
• Leucine Rich Repeats domain(LRR)
They are often referred to as (NB-LRR) R-genes
Generally, the NB domain binds either ATP/ADP or GTP/GDP
The LRR domain is often involved in protein-protein interactions as
well as ligand binding
NB-LRR R-genes can be further subdivided into Toll Interleukin 1
Receptor (TIR-NB-LRR) and Coiled-Coil (CC-NB-LRR)
Resistance can be conveyed through a number of mechanisms
including:
The R protein interacts directly with an Avr gene (Avirulence
gene) product of a pathogen
The R protein guards another protein that detects degradation by an
Avr gene
The R protein may detect a PAMP (alternatively called MAMP for
microbe-associated molecular pattern)
The R protein encodes enzyme that degrades a toxin produced by a
pathogen
Once the R protein has detected the presence of a pathogen, the plant
can mount a defense against the pathogen. Because R genes confer
resistance against specific pathogens
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