Cattle Compiled By Mrs.
Makurumidze
Ranching 养牛业
Definition
• Cattle ranching is the rearing of cattle
for the production of beef, on a
subsistence or commercial level.
• A ranch is a farm consisting of a large
tract of land along with facilities
needed to raise livestock (especially
cattle)
• 养牛业是指为生产牛肉而饲养牛，无论是自给自足还是商
业化。
• 牧场是指由大片土地以及饲养牲畜（尤其是牛）所需设施
组成的农场。
Where Is Livestock ranching is carried on in the regions
with relatively flat surface and plains where
natural grasses grow luxuriously.
Cattle
Ranching It is mostly practiced in the temperate and
tropical grasslands.
Practised Cattle ranching is also practised in marginal
? regions where arable farming may be
impossible, because of low moisture levels.
What Is
Beef?
• Beef is the culinary name for
meat from bovines,
especially cattle.
. A bovine is an animal of the cattle
group, which also includes
buffaloes and bison.
Beef can be harvested
from cows, bulls, heifers
or steers.
Sources
Of Beef Acceptability as a food
source varies in different
parts of the world.
Key Terms:
Cow
-a fully grown female animal of a domesticated breed
of ox, kept to produce milk or beef.
Bull
• The uncastrated adult
male of domestic
cattle.
Heifer
• - a young cow especially one that
has not had a calf.
Steer/Bullock
• Steer, also called bullock, young
neutered male cattle primarily
raised for beef.
• The male is first a bull calf and if
left intact becomes a bull; if
castrated he becomes a steer and
about two or three years grows to
an ox.
Feeds
• Cattle raised for beef may be allowed to roam free on grasslands, or
may be confined at some stage in pens as part of a large feeding
operation called intensive feeding.
• Grazing cattle is the most economical means of feeding them because
you are getting them to look for their own food.
• They are usually fed a ration of grain, protein, roughage and a
vitamin/mineral blend.
Consumption Patterns
• Beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the
world,
accounting for about 25% of meat production
worldwide, after pork and poultry at 38% and 30%
respectively.
• In absolute numbers, the United States, Brazil, and
the People’s Republic of China are the world's three
largest consumers of beef.
• On a per capita basis in 2009, Argentines ate the
most beef at 64.6 kg per person; people in the US ate
40.2 kg, while those in the EU ate 16.9 kg.
•
Beef Exports
• The world's largest exporters of beef are Brazil, India, Australia and
the United States in that order (in 2014).
• Beef production is also important to the economies of Uruguay,
Canada, Paraguay, Mexico, Argentina, Belarus and Nicaragua.
• In the Amazon, fast food outlets like McDonalds are clearing
vegetation to grow grass in order to raise beef cattle for their
restaurants.
Breeds Of Beef
Cattle: Brahman-
America
• It is a large animal with a
long body.
• The body colour of the
breeds is usually a very
light grey, but it may be
red or black.
• Grows well on poor, dry
grazing or feedlots.
• The bulls weight is 800-
1100kg, and the cow’s
weight is 500-700kg
Angus
Place of origin in Scotland, in the north-eastern countries of
Aberdeen, Angus, Kincardine, and Forfar. The colour is black
The weight of the male is 850kg, and the female is 550kg.
Benefits Of The Angus
• Angus cattle have a very strong reputation in regard of their beneficial beef. Angus beef is used
majorly in the preparation of burgers.
Hereford
• Place of origin in England in the
country of Hereford.
• The colour is red with white
markings,
• The breed is a good beef
producer.
Mashona
• These are very hardy cattle,
being heat, disease and parasite
resistant, but most importantly
they have nutritional adaptation.
• Mashona are black or red, most
are polled and have a mature
weight of 275 to 350 kg
The Nguni
• The Nguni is a cattle breed indigenous to Southern Africa.
• A hybrid of different Indian and later European cattle breeds, they
were introduced by Bantu-speaking tribes to Southern Africa during
their migration from the North of the continent.
• The cattle breed is medium-sized and adapted to grazing on the
highveld.
The Nguni
Problems In
The Beef
Industry
Problems Faced By Cattle Farmers
• Livestock diseases eg foot and mouth, lump skin, nagana
• Stock theft
• Overgrazing
• Natural disasters like drought, floods
• Lack of markets