Number System Variables
& Slope
Function
Number System
🠶 Real Number:
The number system we generally
use in both scientific and
everyday work is called the real
number system.
🠶 The real number include the
familiar integers(or whole numbers)
both positive and negative such
as -1, 0, -1, -2 etc., and fractions
such as 2/3, -1/3, 21/5.
Rational
numbers
🠶 Definition The set of all integers and
the set of all fractions together form
the set of all rational numbers.
Rational numbers
🠶 Every rational number can
be represented in decimal form. Such
as 1/5=0.2 and 7/200=0.035
🠶 Some fractions are represented by
never-ending decimals with infinitely
many places. For example, 1/3=0.333---,
and 199/11=1.8090909----where the 03
and 09 pattern continues indefinitely
Irrational numbers
as ratios of a pair of integers, such as 2
🠶 Numbers that cannot be expressed
= 1.4142 −− − which is a
nonrepeating, nonterminating
decimal. Another example = 3.14159
[Link]
Tree Diagrams of
Number Systems
Integers Fractions
Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers
Real Numbers
Imaginary
Numbers
🠶 Number which have to do
with the square roots of
−2
negative numbers. Such
as
Variables, Constants and
Parameters
🠶 A variable is something that can
take different values. Such as P, and
R.
🠶 Independent variables: suc h
variables that can take any value.
🠶 Dependent variables: Such
variables depend on the values of
independent variables.
Variables, Constants and
Parameters
🠶 A c onstant is a magnitude that does
not change
🠶 When a constant is joined to a
variable, it is often referred to as the
coefficient of that variable or
parameter
Slop
e
🠶 The slope of a line is the ratio of
the amount that y increases as x
increases some amount. Slope tells you
how steep a line is, or how much y
increases as x increases. The slope is
constant (the same) anywhere on the
🠶 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒(𝑚) =
line.
𝐶ℎ 𝑎 𝑛 𝑔 𝑒 𝑖 𝑛 𝑦
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Or 𝑚 =
𝑑𝑦
𝑑
𝑥
Calculating formula of
slope
🠶 We usually use the following formula
to measure the slope of a line:
𝑦1
− 𝑦0
𝑚 = 𝑥1
− 𝑥0
🠶 Suppose, a line passes through {4, 0},
{10,points.
3}
Exercis (i) Find the slope of the
line
e
(ii)Sketch the line.
Function
🠶 Function, in mathematics, an
expression, rule, or law that defines a
relationship between one variable (the
independent variable) and another
variable (the dependent variable).
This relationship is commonly
symbolized
as y = f(x).
Different
Types of
Functions
🠶 Linear function: Such as,
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
A linear function has one
independent variable and
one dependent variable.
Different Types of
Functions
𝑓 𝑥 (a ≠
🠶 Quadratic function: Such as,
0)
= 𝑎𝑥 2 + bx + c
Different Types of
Functions
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑛 +
🠶 Polynomial function of degree n: Such as
𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 +−−− −𝑎0
Different Types of
Functions
𝑔(𝑥
🠶 Rational function: Such
𝑓 )
as,
𝑥
=
ℎ(𝑥)
Different Types of
Functions
🠶 Exponential function: Exponential functions have the
form f(x) = b x, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1.
🠶 Just as in any exponential expression, b is called
the base and x is called the exponent.
🠶 Exponential functions are often used to represent
real- world applications, such as bacterial
growth/decay, population growth/decline, and
compound interest
Exponential function graph
Different Types of
Functions
🠶 Logarithmic function:
🠶 Logarithmic functions are the
inverses of exponential functions.
🠶 The inverse of the exponential function
y
= a x is x = a y.
🠶 The logarithmic function y =
loga x is defined to be equivalent to
the exponential equation x = a y
Logarithmic function
graph
Different Types of
Functions
Explicit function: The value of y is clearly seen to
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥 = 10 + 2𝑥
depend upon the value of x. Such as,
Implicit function: We cannot clearly
independent variable. Such as, 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 =
distinguish between dependent and
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