RELATIVE
CLAUSES
CLAUSE
THIS MAN, WHO IS SITTING ON THE
BENCH, IS MY NEIGHBOUR.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students will:
• Learn the definition of
relative clauses and the
words that signal relative
clauses.
• Understand the role of
relative clauses.
• Learn the types of
relative clauses.
• Attempt the practice
exercise given.
COMPETENCY ADDRESSED
• Grammatical Accuracy
• Cognitive Development
• Critical Thinking
• Problem Solving
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A RELATIVE CLAUSE ?
[Link]
watch?v=ftZr1_Ny8L8
WARM UP ACTIVITY
Join two sentences into one by
adding who, which and that; e.g.
I. I saw the boy ____________.
I saw the boy who ate five burgers in a
day.
II. Sana didn’t receive the letter.
III. He built a cardboard house. It was no
strong.
IV. She broke the toy which/that was ver
expensive.
V. The girl is from Canada. She is wearing
jeans.
The black bear ___________is from
Canada.
TYPES OF RELATIVE
CLAUSES
Relative
Clauses - “Peter is the student”+
are “He comes from
formed by Glasgow”:
joining 2 Peter is the student
WHO comes from
sentences Glasgow.
: - “The books are on the table”
+ “They are mine”:
The books, WHICH are on
the table, are mine.
-- “I“Ihave just
would met
love to Tom”
visit + “Tom
seems
London”+to be
“Itaisnice guy”:
a beautiful
- I city”:
have just met Tom WHO
- seems
“I wouldtolove
be to
a visit
nice guy”
Remembe
r: we join 2
When
sentences with a
Relative Pronoun or
Adverb, we have to
omit the noun/
pronoun/ possessive
that the Relative
replaces (In the
previous sentences: He/
They/Tom /it)
Relative Clauses go
RIGHT AFTER the
Defining Relative Clauses
They give us essential
information about a
general term or
expression. Defining
Relative Clauses are not
put in commas:
- I interacted to the man who
gave you the news.
- I read the letter which
came this morning.
(Which man ? The one who
gave you the news.)
(Which letter? the one
that arrived this
morning.)
Remembe
r:
Use WHO to refer to
people and WHICH to
refer to animals,
things,
…
“THAT” can replace
WHO and WHICH in
Defining Relative
Clauses :
Did you know the girl
WHO/THAT came to
the party yesterday?
The book WHICH/THAT
OMISSION
WHO, WHICH and
OF WHO, THAT
WHICH AND can be the Subject of
THAT: the Relative Clause:
-I’ve called the man
WHO sold me his car.
(Who replaces The man
and is the Subject of
the Clause “sold me his
car”)
-The dog WHICH barks
every night is my
neighbour’s. (Which is
the Subject of the
clause “barks every
They can also be the Object or go after a
preposition:
-I loved the film (WHICH/ THAT) we saw last
night.
-The man (WHO/THAT/ WHO) you mentioned is
a writer. -I’ve found the keys for
(WHICH/THAT) I was
looking.
=> I found the keys I
was
looking for.
-Who was the boy to
(who) you were
talking? => Who was
the boy you were
talking to?
When The Relative is
the Object, it can be
(and it is usually)
Other
WHEN
Relative
s:
shows Time:
- I will never forget the day +
I met my best friend that
day: I’ll never forget the day
(WHEN) I met my best
friend.
(WHEN can also be
omitted in Defining
Relative Clauses).
WHER
E
refers to Places:
-This is the hotel + We
are staying at the hotel
next weekend:
This is the hotel WHERE
we are staying next
weekend.
- The city is interesting +
my sister lives in the city:
The city WHERE my
sister lives is
interesting.
WHOS
showsEPossession and
it replaces a
Possessive adjective
or an ’s possessive:
-The man was crying +
His house was on fire:
The man WHOSE
house was on fire
was crying.
- Have you met the
people?
+ Their son is moving to
Washington: Have you
WHO
Minstead of WHO
is used
in Formal Speech when
it is the Object of the
Relative Clause or after
a preposition:
-I couldn’t talk to a friend
+ I called him last night: I
couldn’t talk to the friend
WHOM I called last
night.
-I don’t know the student +
The teacher was shouting
at the student: I don’t
know the student at
2. Non-Defining Relative
Clauses
They give us more
(extra) information
about a person,
animal, thing, …
already identified ( by
a name, a possessive,
…).
They go
between
commas.
-Your brother, who
gave me the news,
saw the accident
himself .
In Non-Defining
Relative Clauses we
can’t use THAT and
we can’t omit the
Relatives:
-I liked Toy Story,
which I’ve seen
recently. (not “that”,
no Omission)
-Shakespeare, whom
you just mentioned,
is the most famous
British playwright. (not
“that”, no Omission)
-I’ve found my keys,
which I had been
Defining Remembe
or Non- r:
Defining Defining Relative
Clauses:
-
Don’t take
? - “That” can replace
commas.
Who,Which and When.
- You can omit Who, Which,
When and That when
they are not the Subject
of the
Relative Clause.
Non-Defining Relative
- Go between
Clauses:
- commas. You can’t
- You use “That”.
can’t omit the
Relatives.
EXERCISE-1
I. Complete the exercise with who, whom, whose (Relative Pronouns):
1. Mr Richards,________________ is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.
2. We often visit our aunt in Norwich_______________ is in East Anglia.
[Link] is the girl__________________ comes from Spain.
4. That's Peter, the boy____________ has
just arrived at the airport.
5. I talked to the girl_______________ car
had broken down in front of the shop.
6. Thank you very much for your e-
mail_______________ was very interesting.
7. The man,___________ father is a
professor, forgot his umbrella.
8. The children,______________ shouted in
the street, are not from our school.
9. The car,______________ driver is a young
man, is from Ireland.
10. What did you do with the
money,__________ your mother lent you?
RECAPITULATION
EXERCISE - 2
Complete the following exercise with appropriate relative clauses:
1. My grandfather______________________ still goes for swimming every
day.
2. This is the girl________________________ is very good at [Link]
3. I have lost the money ____________________ __________________.
4. She didn’t see the snake_____________________________________.
[Link] you know the shop____________?
6. The school_____________________ is
known for its quality education.
7.J.K Rowling,__________________ is a
famous novelist.
8. This is the old man______________ by
the robbers.
9. I can’t decid___________ my birthday
party.
10. The Himalayas________________ have
one of the highest mountain peaks in the
world.
EXIT CARD
1. Name the two
types of relative
clauses.
2. Write an example of
each type in the chat
box (use the relative
pronoun where/that)
THANK
YOU
☺