Mode
ls
of
DATA
PROCESSING
PROCES
S INFORMATIO
DATA N
DATA PROCESSING
• Data processing is the method of
collecting raw data and translating it into
usable information.
• The raw data is collected, filtered, sorted,
processed, analyzed, stored and then
presented in a readable format.
Example :
A Website handling online filling of students details for a competitive examination and generating
admit card.
Students Details like name, Processing of filled in
Address, qualification, details for correctness of Examination Admit
marks, mobile no. , etc and data received, elegibility card specifying, Roll
online fee payment details as per advertisment or
not, fees paid or not. Then no. , Center
like debit/credit card net
banking or other modes of generate a roll no. and address, Date &
payment. add this applicant in the time of test.
list of eligible applicants.
Input
against
which data OUTPU
PROCESSIN
are
G T
collected
DATA PROCESSING
CYCLE
Generally, there are six main steps in the
Collection
Storage
Preparation
Output
Processing
Input
data processing cycle.
DATA PROCESSING
CYCLE
Step 1 : Collection
The collection of raw data is the first step of the data processing
cycle. The type of raw data collected has a huge impact on the
output produced. Hence, raw data should be gathered from defined
and accurate sources so that the subsequent findings are valid and
usable. Raw data can include monetary figures, website cookies,
profit/loss statements of a company, user behavior, etc.
Step 2: Preparation
Data preparation or data cleaning is the process of sorting and
filtering the raw data to remove unnecessary and inaccurate data.
Raw data is checked for errors, duplication, miscalculations or
missing data, and transformed into a suitable form for further
analysis and processing. This is done to ensure that only the highest
quality data is fed into the processing unit.
DATA PROCESSING
CYCLE
Step 3: Input
In this step, the raw data is converted into machine readable
form and fed into the processing unit. This can be in the form of
data entry through a keyboard, scanner or any other input
source.
Step 4: Data Processing
In this step, the raw data is subjected to various data
processing methods using machine learning and artificial
intelligence algorithms to generate a desirable output. This step
may vary slightly from process to process depending on the
source of data being processed (data lakes, online databases,
connected devices, etc.) and the intended use of the output.
DATA PROCESSING
CYCLE
Step 5: Output
The data is finally transmitted and displayed to the
user in a readable form like graphs, tables, vector
files, audio, video, documents, etc. This output can be
stored and further processed in the next data
processing cycle.
Step 6: Storage
The last step of the data processing cycle is storage,
where data and metadata are stored for further use.
This allows for quick access and retrieval of
information whenever needed, and also allows it to
Types of Data
Processing
Batch Processing
Real-time Processing
Online Processing
Multiprocessing
Time-sharing
Types of Data Processing
And its uses
Type Uses
• Batch Processing Data is collected and processed in
batches. Used for large amounts of
data.
Eg: payroll system
• Real-time
Processing Data is processed within seconds when
the input is given. Used for small
amounts of data.
Eg: withdrawing money from ATM
• Online Processing Data is automatically fed into the CPU
as soon as it becomes available. Used
for continuous processing of data.
Eg: barcode scanning
Types of Data Processing
And its uses
Type Uses
• Multiprocessing Data is broken down into frames and
processed using two or more CPUs
within a single computer system. Also
known as parallel processing.
Eg: weather forecasting
• Time-sharing Allocates computer resources and data
in time slots to several users
simultaneously.
Manual Data Processing
Data Processing
Mechanical Data Methods
Processing
Electronic Data
Processing
Manual Data
Processing
This data processing method is
handled manually. The entire process
of data collection, filtering, sorting,
calculation, and other logical
operations are all done with human
intervention and without the use of any
other electronic device or automation
software. It is a low-cost method and
requires little to no tools, but produces
high errors, high labor costs, and lots
of time and tedium.
Mechanical Data Processing
Data is processed mechanically
through the use of devices and
machines. These can include simple
devices such as calculators,
typewriters, printing press, etc.
Simple data processing operations
can be achieved with this method. It
has much lesser errors than manual
data processing, but the increase of
data has made this method more
complex and difficult.
Electronic Data
Processing
Data is processed with modern
technologies using data
processing software and
programs. A set of instructions is
given to the software to process
the data and yield output. This
method is the most expensive but
provides the fastest processing
speeds with the highest
reliability and accuracy of
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