1.
Characteristics and
classification of living organisms
Characteristics of living organisms
(a) Movement: an action by an organism or part of
an organism causing a change of position or
place
(b) Respiration: the chemical reactions in cells that
break down nutrient molecules and release
energy for metabolism
All chemica reactions that take place in a living
organism is called metabolism
(c)Sensitivity: the ability to detect and respond to
changes in the internal or external environment
(d)Growth : a permanent increase in size and dry
mass.
Dry Mass is the mass of an organism after It has been
killed and all water removed from it.
(e)Reproduction: the processes that make more of the
same kind of organism
(f)Excretion : the removal of the waste products of
metabolism and substances in excess of
requirements
(g)Nutrition :the taking in of materials for energy,
growth and development
Biological classification system
• Putting in groups based on how closel
organisms are related
• All mammals have common ancestors
• Species: A group of organisms that reproduce
to produce fertile offspring
• Horses(Equus caballus)donkeys(Equus asinus)
Are two different species; offspring from both is
infertile Mule
The binomial system of naming species as an
internationally agreed system in which the
scientific name of an organism is made up of
two parts showing the genus and species
Bi: two; nomial: naming
First word is genus name
Genus is a group of species that share similar
features
Second word is species name
Italics/underline separately
KEYS
• Dichotomous: Branching into TWO
• Keys is a way of identifying an organism by
working through a pair of statements that lead
you to its name.
KINGDOM:
One of the major
groups into which
all organisms are
classified
5 Kingdom classification
1. Prokaryote
2. Protoctist
3. Fungi
4. Plant
5. Animal
Prokaryotes
• Pro+Karyon
• Bacteria is a part of his kingdom;
cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll
Protoctist
Kingdom Fungi
• Example: Mushroom, toadstool,mold, yeast
• Main body of fungi is made of microscopic
threads called hyphae- cells joined end to
end- cell has cell wall not made of cellulose
• Are chief decomposers
• Saprophytic or parasitic
• Reproduce by spores-small group of cells
surrounded by cell wall
Kingdom Plantae
Floweri •Fern
•Moss etc
ng
Non •Any example
flowering
FERN
FLOWERING PLANTS
Dicotyled •Beans, coffee,apple etc
on
Monocotyl •Wheat, rice, coconut
edon
Identify the kingdom of following
organisms
• Staghorn fern
• BOSTON FERN
Animal Kingdom
Classified into:
1. Vertebrates: Have backbones
Fish
Amphibians
Frog,toad,salamander
- Metamorphosis
Reptiles
Snake, tortoise,crocodile
• They are vertebrates with scale skin
• Lay eggs with soft shells
Birds
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Invertebrates
Arthropod: No backbone; jointed legs;exoskeleton
Insect Crustaceans Arachnids Myriapods
1. Three pairs of 1. Breathe throuh 1. 4 pair of jointed 1. Body made of
jointed legs gills; most are legs many similar
2. Two pairs of aquatic 2. No antennae segments
wings 2. More than 4 pair 3. Body divided 2. One pair of
3. Breathe through of joined legs into antennae
trachea Example: crab, cephalothorax 3. Each segment
4. Body divided lobster,woodlice and abdomen with jointed legs
into head,thorax Example: spider, Example: Centipede,
and abdomen ticks, scorpions millipede
5. One pair of
antennae
6. Example:
dragonfly,
housefly
VIRUS
• Pathogenic
• Non living; seven characteristics not shown
MRS GREN
• In a living cell they reproduce and produce
their multiple copies