Dynamics of Machinery
10ME54
[Link].
Course Learning Objectives(CLOs)
Student will be able to:
Analyze the motion and the dynamical forces acting on mechanical systems
composed of linkages, gears and cams and where multiple forces are
C504.1
involved.
C504.2 Be proficient in the use of mathematical methods to analyze the forces and
motion of complex systems of linkages, gears flywheels and cams.
C504.3 Get exposed to principles of static & dynamic balancing of rotating and
revolving masses in various machineries.
C504.4 Translate customer requirements through proper mechanisms using gears,
gear trains, governors and cams for a given motion or a given input/output
motion or force relationship.
Identify, Formulate, interpret , model and solve problems related to
dynamics of machines.
Communicate effectively in professional environment and suggest suitable
mechanisms.
2
Force Motion
• Preamble
• Relation between forces and motion causing is a fascinating
subject.
• This study is a generally referred as dynamic.
• Modern Engineering aims at analyzing and predicting
dynamics behavior of physical systems.
• Theory of Mechanisms & Machines is used to understand the
relationships between the geometry and motions of the parts
of a machine or mechanism and forces which produce
motion.
• UNIT – 1
• Static Force Analysis: Introduction:
• Static equilibrium.
• Equilibrium of two and three force members.
• Members with two forces and torque.
• body diagrams.
• Principle of virtual work.
• Static force analysis of four bar mechanism
• and slider-crank mechanism with and without friction.
06
Hours
• UNIT – 2
• Dynamic Force Analysis:
• D'Alembert's principle,
• Inertia force, inertia torque.
• Dynamic force analysis of four-bar mechanism
• and slider crank mechanism.
• Dynamically equivalent systems.
• Turning moment diagrams
• flywheels.
• Fluctuation of Energy.
• Determination of size of flywheels.
08 Hours
•
• UNIT – 3 06 Hours
• Friction and Belt Drives:
• Definitions:
• Types of friction:
• laws of friction,
• Friction in pivot and collar bearings.
• Belt drives:
• Flat belt drives.
• Tension ratio in belts,
• centrifugal tension,
• power-transmitted.
• UNIT – 4
• Balancing of Rotating Masses:
• Static and dynamic balancing.
• Balancing of single rotating mass by balancing
masses in same plane
• and in different planes.
• Balancing of several rotating masses by
balancing masses in same plane
• and in different planes.
06 Hours
UNIT – 5
• Balancing of Reciprocating Masses:
• Inertia effect of crank and connecting rod,
• single cylinder engine,
• balancing in multi cylinder-inline engine
(primary & secondary forces),
• V-type engine;
• Radial engine –
• Direct and reverse crank method.
08 Hours
• UNIT – 6
• Governors:
• Types of governors;
• force analysis of Porter and Hartnell governors.
• Controlling force.
• stability,
• sensitiveness.
• Isochronism,
• effort and
• power.
06 Hours
• UNIT – 7
• Gyroscope:
• Vectorial representation of angular motion.
• Gyroscopic couple.
• Effect of gyroscopic couple on ship,
• plane disc,
• aeroplane,
• stability of two wheelers
• and four wheelers.
06 Hours
• UNIT – 8
• Analysis of Cams:
• Analysis of Tangent cam with roller follower
and
• Circular arc cam operating flat faced
• and roller followers.
• Undercutting in Cams
06 Hours
• 1.3 TEXT BOOKS:
1. Theory of Machines, Sadhu Singh, Pearson Education.
2nd edition. 2007.
2. Theory of Machines, Rattan S.S. Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2009.
1.4 REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. “Theory of Machines & Mechanisms", J.J. Uicker, , G.R.
Pennock, J.E. Shigley. OXFORD 3rd Ed. 2009
2. Mechanism and Machine Theory, [Link] PHI, 2007
Engineering Mechanics
STATICS DYNAMIICS
KINEMATICS KINETICS
13
STATICS:
Study of forces on the body
when it is at rest.
In static force analysis we
neglect the inertia forces.
14
DYNAMICS:
It involves calculation of forces
impressed upon different parts of
mechanism considering inertia forces
also.
15
KINETICS:
Study of relative motion of different parts of
the mechanism considering the different
forces producing the motion and their effects
on stationary bodies.
16
KINEMATICS:
Study of relative motion of different
parts of the mechanism without
considering the different forces
producing the motion.
17
MECHANISM
If no. of bodies are assembled in such a way
that the motion of one causes constrained
and predictable motion to the others is
known as Mechanism.
18
MACHINE
A machine is a mechanism or combination of
mechanisms which not only imparts definite
motion to the parts but also transmits and
modifies the available mechanical energy
into some desired kind of work.
19
ANALYSIS:
It is the study of motions and forces
concerning different parts of an
existing mechanism.
20
Kinematics of Machinery: Study of motion of
the components and basic geometry of the
mechanism and is not concerned with the
forces which cause or affect motion.
Study includes the determination of velocity
and acceleration of the machine members
21
Dynamics of Machinery: Analyses the forces and
couples on the members of the machine due to
external forces (static force analysis) also
analyses the forces and couples due to
accelerations of machine members ( Dynamic
force analysis)
23
In order to design the parts of a
machine or mechanism for strength, it
is necessary to determine the forces
and torques acting on individual links.
Each component however small,
should be carefully analysed for its role
in transmitting force.
24
Ex:
a) Piston type of engine: gas force on
the piston is known or assumed
b) QRM – Resistance of the cutting tool
is assumed.
25
Example of other static forces are:
i. Energy transmitted
ii. Forces due to assembly
iii. Forces due to applied loads
iv. Forces due to changes in temperature
v. Impact forces
vi. Spring forces
vii. Belt and pulley
viii. Weights of different parts
26
Apart from static forces, mechanism also
experiences inertia forces when
subjected to acceleration, called dynamic
forces.
Static forces are predominant at lower
speeds and dynamic forces are
predominant at higher speeds.
27