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Understanding Central Processing Units

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the core component of a computer that processes data and controls operations. It consists of several parts including the Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, and memory, and performs functions such as fetching, decoding, executing, and storing instructions. The history of the CPU includes significant developments from the 1940s to the introduction of microprocessors in the 1970s.

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3 views9 pages

Understanding Central Processing Units

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the core component of a computer that processes data and controls operations. It consists of several parts including the Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, and memory, and performs functions such as fetching, decoding, executing, and storing instructions. The history of the CPU includes significant developments from the 1940s to the introduction of microprocessors in the 1970s.

Uploaded by

dibit70385
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Central Processing Unit

(C.P.U.)

BY KUSH
SATHWARA
 What is CPU ?

 Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a heart and brain of a computer.

 It receives data as input.

 The CPU is simply the central processor or the processor where most calculation takes places.

 It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

 History of CPU :-

 In the 1940 , mathematicians:


I. John vonneumann
II. J. presper Eckert
III. John machly

Came up with the concept of the stored introduction digital computer.


 On 1970’s a component of mainframe computer known as cpu is a steel cabinet bigger than a
refrigerator full of circuit boards crowded with transistors.

 In 1971 the first microprocessor invented.

 The 4004 microprocessor.

 The 1972 the 8008 was the first of many 8-bit microprocessor to fuel the home computer
revolution.

 In 1979, Intel delivered the 8088 and IBM engineers used it for the first PC from 8086.
 Parts of system units:-

1) Mother Board:-

 The motherboard is the main circuit board of a microcomputer.

 It is also know as the mainboard or system board.

2) Memory:-

 Memory is the part of the computer that temporarily stores applications, documents, and stem
operating information.

3) Bus:-

 A bus is an electronic line that allows is and OS to move from one place to another.

4) Expansion slots:-

 Expansions slots appear on the motherboard. They are sokets into which adapters are connected.
5) Ports and connecters:-

 A port is a connecter located on the motherboard or on a separate adapter.

6) Bays:-

 A bay is a space inside the computer case where a hard drive, floppy drive or CD-ROM drive sits.

7) Power supply:-

 A power supply changes normal household electricity into electricity that a computer can use.

8) Sound Components:-

 A sound card lets a computer play and record high quality sound.
 Components of CPU :-

(i) CU (Control Unit) :-

 It reads and instructions from memory and transforms then into a series of signals to activate
other parts of the computer.

 Controls the operations that takes place in various parts of a computer by sending electronic
signals.

(ii) ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit):-

 It performs two types of operations ,


(a) Arithmetic Operations:-

Operation : Symbol

Addition : +
Subtraction : _
Multiplication : *
Division : /
(b) Logical Operations :-

 Logical AND
 Logical OR
 Logical NOT
 Logical EXCLUSIVE OR

(iii) MU/ Register (Memory) :-

 It the part of the computer that holds data and instructions for processing.
Function of the CPU :-

Fetch

Decod
Store
e

Execut
e
(1)Fetch :-

 Taking the instruction from the memory.

(2)Decode :-

 Translating and decoding assembly code binary instructions which are understandable to
your CPU.

(3) Execute :-

 Execute calculation, move data and jump to different address.

(4) Store :-

 CPU dive some data after executing the instruction and store data being instructed.

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