CHAPTER 1

TRAVEL & TOURS

• Learning Objectives:
1. Cite the differences between a travel and a tour.
2. Discuss the nature and scope of travel and tours.
3. Discuss the relationship between travel and tours within the context of the
tourism industry
4. Explain the key travel and tour operation terminologies
5. Compare and contrast the different types of travel and tour.
 TERMINOLOGIES OF
TRAVEL AND TOURS
EVERY INDUSTRY HAS ITS OWN LANGUAGE. THEY
USE ABBREVIATIONS OR ACRONYMS TO SAVE
TIME AND EFFORT. HOWEVER, EVERYONE WHO
IS INTERESTED IN THE INDUSTRY MUST KNOW
WHAT THE ACRONYM OR ABBREVIATION STANDS
FOR TO AVOID MISCOMMUNICATION AND THE
FEELING OF SPEAKING A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE.
BELOW ARE THE TERMS USED MOST
FREQUENTLY IN THE TRAVEL AND TOUR
INDUSTRY.
Domestic Tourism – refers to travel taken exclusively within
the national boundaries of the traveler’s country.
• GROUP INCLUSIVE TOUR (GIT) –is a tour in
which the tourist travels with the company of
other tourists.
FAM TOUR – IS AN ABBREVIATION FOR FAMILIARIZATION TOURS
OFFERED TO TRAVEL AGENTS AND TOUR OPERATORS AS
COMPLIMENTARY OR AT A REDUCED RATE TO FAMILIARIZE THEM
WITH SPECIFIC DESTINATION OR ATTRACTION TO STIMULATE SALES.
INDEPENDENT INCLUSIVE TOUR (IIT) - IS A TOUR IN WHICH
THE TOURIST TRAVELS TO HIS DESTINATION INDIVIDUALLY
• Independent Tour – is a tour in which the tourist buys tourism
components (transportation, accommodation, food and beverage,
entertainment, etc.) separately. This can be done in advance through a
travel agent.
• International Tourism – refers to travel across international boundaries.
It is more difficult to travel outside one’s own country because the
country to be visited has requirements such as passports, visas, and
other conditions to be met by tourists.
• Package Tour – Sometimes called “inclusive tour”, is an arrangement in
which tourism components such as transportation, accommodation,
food and beverage, entertainment, etc. are bought by the tourist at an
all- inclusive price.
• Tour Operator – organizers package tours and
purchases other tourism services such as transport
and accommodation in advance, usually at lower
price because he/she is buying it in bulk.
• Travel Insurance – is an insurance product designed
for use by different types of travelers such as those
who travel for business, are visiting relatives, and
are students during their domestic and overseas
travel ( Wang et al., 2019)
NATURE OF TRAVEL AND TOURS
Travels refers to a movement from one place to
another. This can refer to short- and –long- distance travel,
domestic and international travel, and other various forms.
It is also includes both round trip and one-way journeys,
with a wide array of travel purposes.
The travel industry, therefore, refers to the several aspects
of the service and industry which cater to the needs and
wants of the people who have traveled and will travel from
different parts of the world. The travel industry is also
called tourism network. Below is a list of the important
sectors of the travel industry with their description
SECTORS OF THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY

1. TRANSPORTATION – The main use of this sector is to make it

possible for people to go from one place to another. There are
many ways to do this, from primitive and simple to modern and
complex. This includes a wide variety of different types o travel
including air, land, sea, and railways modes.
• AIRLINE INDUSTRY – The airline industry a popular choice among
travelers who want to arrive at destination quickly. The development
in air transportation in the tourism industry introduced many
undiscovered areas to the travel community.
• CAR RENTAL – Car rental has been in close connection with airline
and railway transportations since its early years and is considered a
similar part of the travel service industry
• WATER TRANSPORT – Water transport is a major factor in tourism
and hospitality. An example of this is the cruise ships which became
known in recent years because of the idea of developing “floating
resorts” of “floatels”.
• COACH SERVICES – Buses and coaches are the modes of
transportation preferred by those in social class to reach their
destinations. In the 21st century, buses became a safe, green,
comfortable, and affordable tool for transportation. They cater not
only for intercity lines or long- distance travel but also as charter
vehicle for excursions, corporative trips, or just carrying from
airport or railway station to hotel and back.
• RAILWAY – The majority of seasoned travelers prefer to travel by
train because of its safety record. The appeal of rail travel has been
further enhanced by the recent introduction of high- speed trains.
• SPACECRAFT – Spacecraft is now becoming known as a form of
transportation, which is going to become increasingly influential in
the years ahead. The year 2001 marked the beginning of space
tourism as a wealthy California businessman, Dennis Tito, became
the first paying passenger for space flight (Britannica Online
Encyclopedia, 2013). Currently, Virgin Galactic remains the only
private space tourism company that has successfully air-launched
its SpaceShipTwo vehicle (S. fox, 2010). However , Virgin Galactic is
definitely not alone in this venture into space tourism as the
industry is being lucrative market for many upcoming decades
(Seo, 2013).
2. ACCOMMODATION
• While away from home, the tourist needs to eat and sleep.
Sleeping accommodations range from hotels of international
standards to condominiums, campgrounds, and homes of relatives
and friends. For a tourist region to succeed, a sufficient quantity of
accommodations of the right quality should be provided for the
tourists.
• Appropriate accommodations should always be available for all
types of travelers. Luxurious types of accommodations may be
demanded by those who want the best and are willing and able to
pay accordingly. On the other hand, tourists who are budgeted
should have practical facilities available.
• -
HOTELS – THE MOST POPULAR FORM OF ACCOMMODATION
FOR TOURISTS, IT PROVIDES MEALS AND REFRESHMENTS FOR
THOSE WHO MAY RESERVE THEIR ACCOMMODATIONS IN
ADVANCE BUT NEED NOT DO SO. IT ALSO PROVIDES
FACILITIES THAT MEET THE NEEDS OF MODERN TRAVELERS.
SHARED ACCOMMODATION– THIS TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION
USUALLY INCLUDES ALL THE FACILITIES AND AMENITIES OF THE ENTIRE
HOME SUCH AS AN APARTMENT OR A HOUSE OR JUST A ROOM SPACE
WHERE THE OWNER/HOST USUALLY STAYS.
HOSTELS– HOSTELS PROVIDE MINIMAL AMENITIES SUCH AS
A BUNK BED AND COMMONLY SHARED TOILETS AND
BATHROOMS. THEY ARE TYPICALLY CATEGORIZED AS A
BUDGET CHOICE AND ARE USUALLY PROVIDED ON A SELF-
CATERING BASIS. THEY APPEAL MOSTLY TO YOUNG
TRAVELERS.
CAMPING – THIS IS A TYPE OF OUTDOOR
ACCOMMODATION THAT MAKES USE OF TEMPORARY
SHELTER, USUALLY IN THE FORM OF A TENT. IT APPEALS
MOSTLY TO FAMILIES WHO TRAVEL IN RECREATIONAL
VEHICLES.
BED AND BREAKFAST – BED AND BREAKFAST
ACCOMMODATION PROVIDE A ROOM, BATH, AND A
HEARTY
BREAKFAST TO TOURISTS. THEY ARE KNOWN AS BNBS
TIMESHARE ACCOMMODATION – A TIMESHARE
ACCOMMODATION IS A MODERN TOURISM PRODUCT
THAT SUCCEEDS IN COMBINING TOURISM AND REAL
ESTATE IN SUCH AS WAY TO SATISFY THE EVER-
CHANGING NEEDS OF THE TOURIST-PURCHASER.
ACCORDING TO THE DEFINITION OF THE WORLD
TOURISM ORGANIZATION (WTO) “ TIMESHARE
OFFERS THE PUBLIC THE RIGHT TO ENJOY, FOR A SET
PERIOD OR INTERVAL EACH YEAR, VACATION TIME IN
AN APARTMENT OR OTHER TYPE OF LODGING THAT IS
PART OF A TOURING COMPLEX, EQUIPPED WITH A
VARIETY OF SERVICES AND FACILITIES.
3. FOOD AND BEVERAGE – TOURISTS LOOK FOR
FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICES EVERYWHERE. IT IS
A SIGNIFICANT ASPECT OF ANYONE’S JOURNEY AND
OFTEN SHAPES ONE’S SATISFACTION WITH A TRIP. IN
SOME CASES, IT IS THE REASON SOME PEOPLE
TRAVEL.
RESTAURANTS – A RESTAURANT IS A BUSINESS WHERE
PEOPLE SELL FOOD AND DRINKS TO CUSTOMERS IN A
PUBLIC PLACE IN EXCHANGE OF MONEY.
.
CATERING – THE CATERING INDUSTRY NOWADAYS PLAYS AN
IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY. LIKE
RESTAURANTS AND TAKE AWAY OUTLETS, CATERERS PROVIDE
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES TO HOTELS AND AIRLINES. CATERING
SERVICES PROMOTE LOCAL FOOD AND CULTURE OF
DESTINATION THROUGH THEIR OFFERINGS.
BARS AND COFFEE SHOP – BARS AND COFFEE SHOPS
PROVIDE A RELAXING ATMOSPHERE FOR TRAVELERS
TO EAT AND DRINK. BARS TEND TO FOCUS ON
SERVING ALCOHOLIC AND NON- ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGES. ON THE OTHER HAND, COFFEE SHOPS
TEND TO FOCUS ON SERVING HOT DRINKS, FRAPPES,
AND LIGHT SNACKS. BOTH ENVIRONMENTS ALSO
PROVIDE A PLACE FOR PEOPLE TO SOCIALIZE.
NIGHTCLUBS– NIGHTCLUBS ARE
ESTABLISHMENTS THAT STAY OPEN UNTIL
LATE AT NIGHT AND OFFER FOOD AND
BEVERAGE ALONG WITH ENTERTAINMENT.
MOST OF THEM HAVE STAGE PERFORMERS
AND A SPACIOUS DANCE FLOOR FOR THE
CUSTOMERS
CASINO –A CASINO IS AN ENTERTAINMENT ESTABLISHMENT THAT PROVIDES
PEOPLE WITH OPPORTUNITIES TO GAMBLE. IT IS OFTEN CONNECTED WITH
HOTELS, RESTAURANTS, RESORTS, CRUISE SHIPS, AND OTHER RELATED
TOURISM ESTABLISHMENTS THAT ARE ALSO KNOWN FOR HOSTING
ENTERTAINMENT SUCH AS MUSICALS, CONCERTS, AND COMEDY
PERFORMANCE.
TOURIST INFORMATION – TRAVELERS USUALLY ARE OVERWHELMED WITH THE INFORMATION AND OPTIONS THEY HAVE
ONCE THEY ARRIVED AT A NEW DESTINATION. A TOURIST INFORMATION CENTER PROVIDES RELIABLE INFORMATION AND
RESOURCES ABOUT THE DESTINATION. MOREOVER, IT MOTIVATES THE TOURISTS TO STAY LONGER BY FEEDING THEM
INFORMATION WHAT THE DESTINATION CAN OFFER. IN SOME DESTINATIONS TOURIST INFORMATION PROVIDES A ONE
STOP, PHYSICAL LOCATION FROM WHICH TRAVELERS CAN CONNECT WITH LOCAL BUSINESSES AND SERVICES. IT PROVIDES
A WELCOMING ENVIRONMENT FOR TOURISTS TO LEARN ABOUT THE DESTINATION’S PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. LEAFLETS,
BROCHURES, AND OTHER PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS CAN ALSO BE DISPLAYED IN THE TOURIST INFORMATION CENTER.
ENTERTAINMENT –TOURISTS, ONCE ARRIVED AS
THEIR CHOSEN DESTINATION, OFTEN LOOK FOR
ENTERTAINMENT, ANY FORM OF ACTIVITY THAT
CAN SATISFY THE INTEREST OF THE TOURISTS
DURING THEIR STAY IN A DESTINATION